Wiggers` method has currently become the most wide-spread method of modeling hemorrhagic shock. The proposed model is artificial to a certain degree and has its drawbacks related to the introduction of heparin, which prevents blood coagulation in small vessels and changes the vascular permeability. In a number of cases, hemorrhagic shock was reproduced by a single massive bloodletting, and the further course of the process was not controlled. The modeling of hemorrhagic shock by means of the above-mentioned method is impossible in small laboratory animals due to the small diameter of great vessels. However, the use of large laboratory animals demands high material costs. Several methods of blood sampling have been described in literature sources. However, the known methods of blood sampling cannot reproduce hemorrhagic shock in full measure. The development of a new method of modeling hemorrhagic shock in small laboratory animals is a topical area in modern experimental surgery.

The article presents modern methods of diagnostics of cervical incompetence, the ability to predict preterm birth using modern methods of research.

The development of surgical site infections (SSI) considerably aggravates the course of wound healing. In this regard, prevention of wound infections is an important and complex task of surgery. The application of antibacterial suture material is a very promising method for reducing the risk of surgical site infections.

The article presents a review of literature on the etiology, pathogenesis and basic forms of thrombocytopenia, as well as their diagnostic algorithms and main approaches to treatment.

Objective: to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the most wide-spread radial methods of examination of non-traumatic injuries of the shoulder joint: X-ray, sonography and magnetic resonance tomography. Material and methods. Сalcific tendinosis was detected in 23 cases within 117 examined patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of shoulder joint. 15 patients were included into comparative group. Study results. There was carried out a comparative analysis of the results of radiological method of 23 joints within the patients with calcific tendinosis of the rotatory cuff and 30 joints within asymptomatic volunteers. The assessment of the informativity of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostics of calcific tendinosis was given. Conclusion. We have proved the secondary character of appearance of signs of impingement syndrome in calcific tendinopathy and showed high information value of ultrasound in this injury.

Objective : to evaluate the effectiveness of two interferon (IFN)-based antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C (IFN/RBV or PEG-IFN/RBV)depending on HCV genotype, IL-28B gene mutations and to determinethe group of patients who need treatment with direct antiviral agents. Material and methods. The study involved 844 patients with chronic hepatitis C (60.6 % men; 51.9 % with genotype 1 virus) in two infectious diseases hospitals. 324 patients received treatment with standard interferon and ribavirin (IFN/RBV), 520 patients - with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV). Polymerase chain reaction was applied to determinesingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12979860 and rs8099917 of IL-28B gene. Results. The effectiveness (sustained virologic response, SVR) of the scheme IFN/RBV in patients with HCV genotype 1 was 23.9 %, and of PEG-IFN/RBV - 48.4 %. The highest frequency rate of SVR was recorded in patients with CC variant of SNP rs12979860 - 73.3 and 82.1 % (for IFN/RBV and PEG-IFN/RBV schemes, respectively). Schemes IFN/RBV (SVR 70.8 %) and PEG-IFN/RBV (SVR 86.5 %) were highly effective for patients with HCV genotypes 2 and 3. The treatment was not effective in patients with genotype 1 HCV having gene IL-28B SNPs rs12979860 CT or TT and rs8099917 TG or GG and in patientsover 40. Conclusion. It is prospectiveto use non-IFN regimens based on direct-acting antiviral agents to treat patients with 1 HCV genotype with genotype CT/TT (rs12979860) and TG/GG (rs8099917), as well as those who did not respond previously to the antiviral treatment with PEG-IFN/RBV.The implementation of the non-IFN regimens should be accelerated by means of registration or development of production of generic drugs.

The article presents the results of the study of the levels of steroid and gonadotropin-releasing hormones, prolactin, pro-inflammatory cytokines in female patients with reproductive disorders and those of the control group. Half of the patients of the study group revealed an increase in the threshold level of progesterone, and 32.14% of the female patients of the control group undergoing pregravid preparation detected hyperandrogenia. The level of proinflammatory cytokines was within the normal range in both the study and control groups.

Objective: to analyze the influence of different meteorological conditions: relative air humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation on the incidence of development of AF paroxysms. Material and methods. The study involved 259 patients with AF paroxysms who were admitted into the Cardiology ward of Gomel City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care during the period from November 2015 to January 2016. Results. We have determined the incidence of development of AF paroxysms depending on such weather conditions as atmospheric pressure, relative air humidity, cloudiness, and precipitation. Conclusion. Meteorological conditions have a direct effect on the occurrence of AF paroxysms. The determined risk factors in this case are: high relative humidity, fall of temperature and harsh precipitation and changes in atmospheric pressure. Also, the aggravating factor in the development of AF paroxysms was age of patients over 56 and a combination of coronary heart disease and hypertension.

We have performed a retrospective analysis of the results of the bacteriological study of the discharge from wounds of the perianal area and anal canal in patients of the Proctology and Colorectal Surgery Ward of the health institution «Gomel Regional Specialized Clinical Hospital» of different nosology over 2014-2015. Significant etiological strains of microorganisms were isolated in 157 samples. The inoculation was 68 %. Representatives of Enterobacteriaceae family prevailed in the general structure of causative agents - 78.4 %, including E. coli - 52.3 %, K. pneumoniae - 15.3 %, E. agglomerans - 10.8 %. Among gram-positive bacteria (15.3 %) Streptococcus spp ., including E. faecalis (7 %), Streptococcus agalactiae (3.8 %) predominated, and S. aureus (4.5 %) was also detected. Enterobacteriaceae isolates were characterized by high resistance to ampicillin - 91.7 %, amoxicillin/clavulanate - 61.1 %, ceftazidime - 42.6 %, cefotaxime - 18.5 %. Ciprofloxacin (93.5 %) and gentamicin (94.4 %) had high-level sensitivity. Since it is impossible to avoid the entry of microorganisms intoa woundcompletely, it is advisable to prevent such a concentration of micro-organisms in tissues which leads to passing of microbial contamination intoa clinically significant wound infection. As gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms are detected in wounds after surgery on the perineum, it is necessary to prescribe a wide spectrum of antibiotic drugs in order to prevent inflammatory complications. The existing diversity of schemes of antibiotic prevention indicatesthat the problem is not solved yet and indirectly testifies the topicality of research aimed at developing new methods of prevention of postoperative complications in patients having undergone operationson the distal rectum, anal canal, and perineum.

Objective: to study the individual features of adaptation mechanisms for the direction of the training and competitive process at stages of a year-long training of rowers-canoeists. Material and methods. We have studied the typological features of vegetative regulation in rowers, members of the national kayak-paddling and canoeing rowing team by the method of cardiointervalography with PAK «Omega-C». The features of restoration of adaptation reserves were evaluated with parameters of the spectral analysis of HRV in the preparatory and precompetitive periods during two years of the training at the beginning of the weeklong microcycle after a day of rest. Results. We have identified three types of muscular metabolic activity in the rowers: aerobic «stayer», anaerobic «sprinter» and aerobic-anaerobic, which corresponded to the character of the competitive activities of the sportsmen. The studied rowers revealed individual typological features of autonomic providing of HRV which are implemented by inclusion of different regulatory systems. Conclusion. The level of manifestation of decrease of the parameters of HRV spectral analysis in the sportsmen reflects the physiological price of adaptation to the direction of the competitive activity.

The purpose of this article is to consider options of treatment ofacute urinary retention (AUR) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We examined and treated 80 BPH patients with AUR and without it in their pastmedical history. The patients were divided into two homogeneous groups of 40 people: group I did not have AUR in their history andgroup II did. Group II consisted of two subgroups: a) having undergone conservative treatment; b) having undergone surgical treatment (cystostomy). Subgroup II-B also included those patients who refused to undergo the second stage of the surgery or had any contraindications tothe operation. However, even the presence ofcystostomic drainage does not exclude the option of drug therapy for restoration of the natural urinary outflow. Therefore, forehanded and reasonable BPH treatment makes it possible to minimize the risks of acute unirary retention for BPH patients.

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of experimental liver cirrhosis in rabbits. Material and methods. White Californian rabbits (15 individuals) weighing 2.5-3 kg and aged 7-8 months were used as objects for modeling of toxic liver injury. Modeling of acute and chronic liver injuries was performed by subcutaneous injection of 50 % solution of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) at a dose of 1 ml/kg twice a week. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used as therapeutic agents. The rabbits were injected MSC suspension intraportally under mask anesthesia. Results. Subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride for 5 months leads to the development of toxic liver injury in rabbits. We noted an improvement of the histological picture of the injured liver a month after the injection of autologous MSCs in the rabbits with liver cirrhosis in comparison with the rabbits of the control group which were not injected MSCs. Conclusion. Translantation of autologous MSCs has a positive therapeutic effect in the treatment of experimental liver cirrhosis in rabbits.

Cholesterol is oxidized to a greater extent than polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may distort the results in freezing of blood serum. The aim of the work was to study the effect of low-temperature storage of serum on the indices of its cholesterol profile. The blood serum of laboratory rats was divided into 3 portions. The profile of cholesterol in the first portion was determined with commercial kits Cormay-Diana on the day when it was received. The second and third portions were processed after 3 and 7 days of storage at a temperature of -20 °C. The statistical analysis was performed in the system R 3.3.1. The non-parametric Quade criterion with the Bonferroni correction was used for the analysis of the repeated measurements. According to the results of the carried out study we made a conclusion about the statistically significant effect of blood serum freezing on the result of the analysis of the cholesterol profile of blood and discussed possible mechanisms of the identified differences.

Stress has an unfavorable effect on male reproductive system. The aim of the work was to study the morphological changes in testicular tissues of Wistar rats in chronic stress according to Ortiz. We detected hyperemia of vessels, reduction of the diameter of seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of the seminiferous epithelium from the basement membrane, and also destructive changes in the seminiferous epithelium including development of necrosis in the testis of the rats after stress.

Objective : to determine the features of the changes of perimeter body sizes of male cadets in the conditions of the pedagogical process at a higher educational institution of I level of accreditation. Material and methods . We have conducted longitudinal (I, II, III years of study) determination of perimeter body sizes of 87 male cadets and analyzed the features of the changes in these parameters in the conditions of the pedagogical process during a three-year period. The analysis of the indicators was conducted using «Statistica», 6.1 (StatSoft) by parametric methods of assessment. Results. Based on the obtained data we have defined the characteristic features of the annual changes of the perimeter body parameters during the three-year period of study in conditions of the pedagogical process of a civil defense college. We have determined the increase dynamics of most of the average indicators throughout the period of study at the civil defense college, except for the perimeters of the neck, pelvis and abdomen, where the decrease of the sizes has been found. Conclusions. We have revealed reliable differences when comparing the annual changes of the perimeters of the pelvis, abdomen, thorax (during a breathing pause, inhale, exhale), the shoulder, forearm, hand, thigh, upper third of the leg, the instep of the foot. The annual changes of perimeter sizes of the neck, pelvis and abdomen in the male cadets during the second year of training were bigger than during the first one. The perimeter increase parameters of the chest (during a breathing pause, inhale, exhale), shoulder, forearm, wrist, hand, hip, upper and lower third of the leg, foot, the instep of foot in the male cadets dominated when they were in the first year of study.

The article describes the results of our development of a model of acute vascular spiral organ damage by the carotid artery ligation in mice, and using perfusion fixation as an optimal method for saving of the morphological structure of the spiral body tissue.

Objective: to analyze modern approaches to career guidance and professional selection of public health officials. Results. The authors have analyzed the literary dataon modern psychophysiological approaches aimed at the determination of the professional competence and career guidance of specialists in various fields and reviewed the basic prerequisites for the use of different methods for determining the propensity of students to work in public health management. Conclusion. The introduction of psychophysiological testing of students to find out the compliance with the professional criteria established for public health officials will make it possible to identify students who have leadership skills,inclinations for leading and managing activities during their studies at university, will give an opportunity to create individual educational paths and increase the effectiveness of career guidance.

Objective: to study features of nutrition of the population of Gomel region. Material and methods. The methodical basis of the study was selective one-time observation. A questionnaire which included 16 questions was developed. 1099 respondents (346 men and 753 women) took part in the questioning. On the basis of the carried out study the computer database SPSS.Statistics. 22 was created. To obtain evidence-based results, the prepared data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results. The population of Gomel region is characterized by a monotonous type of diet, which follows from the responses of 76 % respondents. At the same time, obesity was revealed in 17.1 % of the respondents. According to the obtained data, we found a deficit of some food products in daily diet (juices, fish, chicken, fruit, vegetables). 28.3 % of the respondents control their daily consumption of salt, whereas 71.2 % of the respondents do not. Also, it was revealed that 91.3 % of the respondents consume up to 5 g of salt a day, and 8.7 % - more than 5 g.

Objective: to determine levels of patient awareness of the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), to analyze antihypertensive drug therapy and monitor the effectiveness of AH control in Gomel region. Material and methods. Survey of doctors, patients with AH, study of medical records, calculation of body mass index (BMI). We used the statistical software «Statistica», 6.0, «Biostatistics», 4.03. Results. The average level of awareness of the presence of AH was 79.0%, women had higher awareness level than men (85 and 65.2 %). The basis of the AH treatment was hypertension drugs of pharmacological classes recommended by the international societies of cardiology for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of AH. The combined schemes of the treatment prevailed. Conclusion. Adequate antihypertensive therapy, control of blood pressure levels after the treatment will reduce the incidence of complications and make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug therapy.

The work analyzes the organizational aspects of development of the ambulance service in Gomel region. Materials on history of medicine from the funds of the state archives of Belarus became sources for the study. The authors characterized the progressive development of the organizational structure and transformation ofemergency medicine institutes in Gomel region from their origins in 1919 in the form of night duties of physicians and the ambulance itself till the end of 1930s, when the ambulance became a stratified professional service which included national, regional, city and rural sublevels.

The article presents the results of the analysis of somatometric parameters of school children living in areas with different levels of urbanization. As a result of the carried out study we have proved the absence of any significant difference (р > 0.05) between somatometric parameters (body length, body mass and chest circumference) in city school children from big industrial cities. At the same time, the studied parameters revealed statistically significant differencies in school children of the same age from cities with high and medium levels of urbanization, as well as rural and city school children from big industrial centers.

The article presents a rare clinical case of dirofilariasis of the internal jugular vein, which caused a local inflammatory response and regional lymphadenitis. The case report describes the diagnostic tactics, management of indications for surgical treatment and selection of the method of surgical operation, which led to the complete recovery of the patient.

Diffuse pulmonary ossification is a rare form of interstitial lung disease. Specific symptoms are often lacking. The present article describes a case of diffuse pulmonary ossification in an elderly person.

Myocardial (muscle) bridges are a common congenital anomaly of coronary arteries which is characterized by running of a coronary artery segment under the myocardial layer. According to literary data, the most frequent localization of myocardial bridges is observed in the middle segment of the anterior interventricular branch. In the majority of cases, the presence of a muscular bridge is not accompanied by clinical manifestations, and patients have a favorable long-term prognosis.Under certain circumstances, the course of the intramural course of the coronary artery may be accompanied by development of acute coronary syndrome, a sudden cardiac death. The main method of the diagnosis is coronary angiography. The article presents brief data on the prevalence, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment of patients with myocardial bridges. Also, it describes a clinical case of a patient havinga myocardial bridge in the middle segment of the anterior interventricular branch with characteristic clinical symptoms confirmed by tool research methods.

This article deals with the experience in the development of medical simulation equipment for training of certain practical skills. The article presents a method used for determination of significant validity criteria a simulator must have. The work shows the means and economic reasonability of the development of high-fidelity simulator equipment in the conditions of an elementary simulation centre.