Acute pancreatitis remains a major concern of urgent surgery. The aim of the research was to study the results of the use of step-up combined surgical treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. The aim of the research was to study the results of the surgical treatment of 72 patients with severe extensive unlimited pancreatic necrosis. The surgical treatment for severe acute pancreatitis may consist of several steps. The first step is the drainage of the sterile or infected nidi of pancreatic necrosis under ultrasound guidance. The second step includes laparotomy and/or lumbotomy with stepped necrosectomy and debridement (in case of an ineffective first step). The combination of the minimally invasive treatment with «open» surgery can improve the treatment outcomes in the patients with unlimited forms of severe acute pancreatitis.

Aim of the research: to determine the morphological aspects of the application of deep vein to reconstruct the arterial-iliac segment and its comparison with other known vascular grafts. Material and methods. The objects of the study were 20 pedigreeless dogs at a weight of 15,2 ± 3,1 kg. All the dogs underwent aortobifemoral bypass with a combined graft. The samples were taken for morphological study after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The complex of histological studies was performed with Leica DMLS microscope (Germany). Results. The histological study of the connective tissue capsule revealed its decrease by 12 months. There is distinct formation of a neointimal layer on the vein inner surface, particularly on the sites of sutures. Neointima appears by three months in the application of the deep vein and by six months if superficial vein is used. Conclusion. The great saphenas demonstrate better adjustment capabilities for the inclusion to the arterial flow in comparison with the superficial vein and may be comparable with an autoartery.

The state of free-radical oxidation in the blood of 80 patients with recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract has been analyzed. The analysis revealed the increased content of primary and intermediate heptane-soluble products of lipid peroxidation (DC, AT) caused by the increased concentration of Shiff bases at heptane phase as well as the increase in the phospholipoperaxidation parameters (DC, AT and SB in isopropanole extracts). The level of erythrocytes (catalyses) activity increased as well, yet the content of ceruloplasmin plasma in the patients was lower in comparison with that in healthy persons.

To form a transplant from the left part of the large intestine, it is necessary to take into consideration the character of its blood flow. It is very important to resect the lower one-third of the sigmoid intestine efficiently. The intersection of sigmoid arteries lower the first sigmoid artery and lower the branches of the first sigmoid artery leads to its necrosis. It is connected with the break and constriction of the anastomoses that are lower that level. To furnish a well circulated and adequate in its length lowering loop of sigmoid intestine it is necessary to perform revascularization of the left part of the large intestine at the account of the transplantation of lower mesenteric artery with aorta on the general iliac artery. The proposed method of revascularization will make it possible to eliminate such severe complication in the lowering of sigmoid intestine as necrosis of intestinal loop.

The cultural in vitro studies evaluated the ability of neutrophils to form extracellular traps in response to S. aureus induction or caused by its soluble factors in healthy individuals. The living culture of S. aureus (minimal effective concentration 10⁷ CFU/ml) was revealed to be the most active in comparison with the other inductors. The optimal mode of incubation was 150 minutes at a temperature of 37 °C.

The present work is dedicated to the important problem of the impact which the factors of human blood serum exert on beta-lactams. It has been shown that human serum albumin (HSA) accelerates hydrolysis of four beta-lactams (namely, benzylpenicillin (BP), cefalexin, aztreonam and imipenem). This acceleration becomes more statistically intensive and stipulates the additional decay of 7,5 per cent BP, 10,8 per cent cefalexin, 2,3 per cent aztreonam and 11,9 per cent imipenem by the sixth hour of incubation at a temperature of 37 °С. Meanwhile, the state of the kinetic curves of BP, cefalexin and imipenem after their decay caused by human blood serum is typical for the first-order enzymatic reactions, and aztreonam - for zero order. The increase of the incubation temperature from 37 to 39 °С leads to the fourteen-percent accelerated decay of albumin-catalyzed imipenem, and that of cefalexin - by 15,7 %. The beta-lactam antibiotics that are not destroyed by HSA cannot be degraded by the whole blood serum. If a beta-lactam antibiotic is capable of being hydrolyzed by HSA, native blood serum may show much higher beta-lactamase activity (above 30 % of additional decay for BP) than any purified HSA preparations of any origin in concentrations that are normal for human blood serum. Thus, human blood serum can destroy some beta-lactam antibiotics that are widely used in health care, which presents a definite clinical importance.

The present study is dedicated to the timely problem of the decay acceleration of beta-lactam antibiotics under the impact of human blood. It was shown that blood serum was characterized by a certain level of beta-lactamase activity in all patients and healthy individuals. The highest level of this activity was observed in practically healthy servicemen, and this activity was the lowest in patients with bacterial meningitis. The activity of serum beta-lactamase in young and healthy persons was considerably higher than in the individuals with health troubles; in turn, this activity decreased in the patients alongside with the intensification of the severity and duration of the illness; thus, the low level of serum beta-lactamase activity may serve as a reliable (p < 0,001) independent prognostic factor for the severe and/or propagated course of infectious diseases. The beta-lactamase activity of blood serum was not a response of the organism towards the exposure of beta-lactam antibiotics. The high level of serum beta-lactamase activity in the patients with severe ilnesses was associated with the considerable duration of etiotropic therapy and frequent replacement of the schemes of antibacterial treatment.

Colorectal cancer is a prevalent pathology: its annual incidence reaches a million cases and its annual morbidity rate exceeds 500 thousand people. According to the prognosis, the absolute number of colorectal cancer cases in the world will increase within the next two decades due to the increase of life span and the number of the population in general. Colorectal adenomas are inclined to malignization. The chain adenoma-cancer was proved by numerous research. The risk of the development of rectal and colon cancer in persons with adenomatous polipi is 3-5 times higher than in the general population. In connection with a high risk of the malignant transformation of colorectal adenomas their early diagnosis and timely management are preventive measures to decrease the prevalence of the colorectal cancer.

Bacterial infections are a frequent and severe complication of cirrhosis that may present on admission or develop during hospitalization in 15-35 % of hospitalized cirrhotic patients. The most frequent infective complications include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia and bacteremia. Patients with cirrhosis have of various facilitating mechanisms such as changes in the reticuloendothelial system, decreased opsonic activity of the ascitic fluid, neutrophil leukocyte dysfunction. Up to 25 % of cases of death in cirrhotic patients are related to bacterial infections. This article aims to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial infection in cirrhosis.

The article presents the results of analytical case-control study of the identifying factors associated with high carcinogenic risk for HPV infection in general women`s population and in group under 30. The study reveals a correlation between the high risk for the HPV-infection and chronic inflammation (OR 18,1; 95 % CI 2,4-133,8), pathological transformation zone of cervical epithelium (OR 5,0; 95 % CI 1,2-21,6), urogenital infection (OR 2,2; 95 % CI 1,6-3,1), sexual conduct (OR 3,0; 95 % CI 1,8-4,9), smoking (OR 1,7; CI 1,1-2,6), drinking (OR 1,5; CI 1,0-2,1). On the contrary, married status (OR 0.7; 0,5 % CI 0,5-0,97) and stable sexual partner (OR 0,3, 95 % CI 0,2-0,6) were factors associated with low prevalence of HPV infection.

The inward disease pattern of patients with arterial hypertension has been analyzed using the Personal questionnaire of Behterev Institute. It was revealed that vexatious and neurotic types of the attitude to the disease prevailed which determined a high risk for the progression of anxiety disorders. Taking into account the high prevalence of psychosomatic disorders among the patients it was urgent to apply an aromatherapy correction in all the stages of the rehabilitation to optimize the hypotensive therapy. The schemes of the aromatherapy correction including combinations of aromatic oils with antistress, hypotensive, sedative, relaxation, antioxidant, adaptogenic and harmonizing effects were outlined on the basis of the achieved data on the inward disease pattern.

The study of the inward disease pattern in patients with arterial hypertension is an important aspect to determine the present psychosomatic interactions. To assess the type of an attitude to the disease among 57 patients with arterial hypertension, the Personal questionnaire of Behterev institute (LOBI) was applied. It was revealed that vexatious and neurotic types prevailed which determined a high risk for the progression of anxiety disorders. The significant gender differences in choosing the main type of the attitude to the disease were identified: prevalence of neurotic and sensitive types among the men and anxious and neurotic types among the women. This accounts a need to determine different psychotherapeutic approaches for them in all the stages of the rehabilitation.

The compensation of insulin-dependent diabetes has been analyzed in patients with depressive states. The presence of a depressive state is associated with HbA1c at a level more than 7,5 per cent. The depressive state is not associated with the indices of general cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.

The aim of the work was to study the possible pathological changes (in chronic toxicity) of a macroorganism in the repeated introduction of local anesthetic agents in therapeutic doses. We singled out three series of laboratory animals. 16 animals formed the first series and were treated with 2-percent solution of lidocaine hydrochloride. The second series included 5 animals, the third series - 17 animals who were treated with 4-percent solution of articaine hydrochloride with adrenaline 1:200000 from different producers. We performed 5 injections every 3-4 days. The achieved results made it possible to make a conclusion that the repeated introductions of the local anesthetic agents could provoke the development of chronic toxicity which required further research aimed at the determination of the prophylaxis methods and prediction for the development of the similar toxic side effects.

The aim of the work was to determine the method and terms of the surgical treatment for toxic injuries of inferior alveolar nerve according to the clinical and experimental indices. We examined 7 patients with a toxic injury of the inferior alveolar nerve due to the endodontic treatment of masticatory teeth. 37 rabbits were observed in the experiment. The experimental group consisted of 25 animals and the control group included 12 animals. During the introduction of the filling material into the mandibular canal it was necessary to remove the foreign body within twenty one days in order to prevent the irreversible multifunctional changes of the inferior alveolar nerve and to take preventive measures against the development of pyoinflammatory diseases of the bone tissue of mandible as well as to prevent stable pain syndrome in future.

The estimation of the primary morbidity indicators for low-traumatic femoral neck fractures in patients over 50 residing in Gomel region has been performed. The average age of the fracture occurrence exceeds 70, at the same time there are none statistically significant differences in the morbidity indicators between men and women identified for the age of 60-79. Skeletal traction (36,9 %), conservative treatment (35,1 %), osteosynthesis (14,9 %), and hip replacement (13,1 %) prevailed in the structure of rendering specialized medical care to the patients with the femoral neck fractures.

The article presents the results of the study of clinical efficiency for the immunocorrective therapy with licopide and polyoxydonium in 42 patients with severe recurrent herpetic infection. The features of the pathological process which influences the effect of the immunocorrective therapy have been revealed.

The molecular-genetic analysis of DNA samples extracted from the blood and marrow of 14 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (refractory anemia with excess blasts) and 52 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia has been performed. It did not reveal any clinically unfavourable mutations of FLT3 gene in the group of the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. The frequency rates for FLT3-ITD, FLT3 D835 and NPM1 mutations in the group of the patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia made up 21,2 ± 5,7; 5,8 ± 3,2 and 23,1 ± 5,8 per cent, correspondingly. The subgroup of the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (М3) detected more FLT3-ITD mutations while the subgroup with acute myeloblastic leukemia (М1) had more NPM1 gene mutations (most of the cases in association with FLT3-ITD mutation). It was shown that a more sensitive genetic test required the use of both blood and marrow DNA samples.

This article presents the results of studies of coping-strategies in persons with alcohol dependence in remission. It has been determined, that the patients with alcohol dependence at the beginning of compensated remission use fewer unproductive coping-strategies and more productive ones. And in case of the relapse dangerous clinical conditions in the remission period it happens vice-versa - the use of the productive strategies decreases (p < 0,01) and that of the unproductive ones increases. The established regularities can be used in therapy and rehabilitation programs for the patients with alcohol dependence.

To assess the response of cells to antileukemic drugs in vitro in the concentration, similar to the therapeutic in blood, a diagnostic kit has been suggested to switch the panel of frozen-dried drugs that can help to compare the sensitivity of the patient`s leukemic cells to different preparations.

It is often difficult to interpret the results of radiodiagnostics studies of iliolumbar ligament due to the variability of its anatomic structure. Taking into consideration the deficiency of this information and its importance for diagnostic purposes, the analysis of the publications dedicated to the clinical and radiation anatomy of the iliolumbar ligament has been carried out.

Aim of the research: to assess the diagnostic potential of physical, ultrasound and X-ray methods of the examinations used for the diagnosis of anterior longitudinal ligament injuries. Material and metods: articles containing the information about physical, ultrasound and X-ray methods of the diagnosis of the anterior longitudinal ligament injuries. Results. The comparative analysis of the diagnostic criteria for the anterior longitudinal ligament pathology has been performed. The role of clinical and neurological examination and different methods of visualization in the diagnostic algorithm in the pathology of anterior longitudinal ligament has been estimated. Conclusion. The physical and radiological features used to evaluate the state of iliolumbar ligament do not provide high-reliable criteria. The solution of this problem lies in the comparison of the results of the given studies with the morphological data.

The dynamics in the population values of head index, which reflects the correlation between the longitudinal and transversal diameters of the medullar part in different generations of the modern Byelorussian population, has an undulating nature: after the increase in the head index there is its reduction, which leads to the alternation of more and less brachycephalic generations. The intergenerational dynamics of the population values of the head index in the population with different anthropological types differs in the form of the undulating curve, which reflects the intrapopulation`s relationships in the line of the generations.

The present article summarizes the results of the performed model experiments within the scope of another research, described in the paper: «Fluorescence studies of the conformational changes of albumin under the influence of peroxynitrite in solution». Thus the article provides a framework to study the nature of the influence of peroxynitrite on the conformational changes of serum albumin. Taking into account the relative stability of peroxynitrite, it is necessary to allow the effect of decay products of peroxynitrite on the conformation of serum albumin to separate the true effect of peroxynitrite from its decay products on the serum albumin. In this paper we studied the effect of low molecular weight compounds such as sodium nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, copper sulfate (II), hydroxyl radical on bovine serum albumin.

The activity of trypsin-like and cysteine proteinases and their endogenous inhibitors in the brain tissue extract and blood serum of rats in the conditions of the withdrawal from alcohol after chronic alcohol intoxication has been studied. It was shown that the withdrawal from ethanol after the chronic alcohol intoxication led to the disturbances of the physiological balance of the trypsin-like and cysteine proteinases activity and their endogenous inhibitors in the tissue extract of cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres with the most pronounced one on the next day after the withdrawal. The decrease of α₁-proteinase inhibitor and α₂-macroglobulin activity were observed in blood serum which proved the changes of proteolysis.

The simultaneous and divided inflow of lead and dinil into the concentration of free amino acids and their derivatives in the hypothalamus of infant rats has been assessed. The changes of the studied indices in the hypothalamus were described both in the divided and combined effects of dinil and lead on the rats. The major changes in the levels of amino acids and their metabolites were detected in the hypothalamus of the infant rats treated with lead. The concurrent additional introduction of dinil only aggravated the imbalances of the amino acid pool of the hypothalamus.

The literature review gives consideration to the physiological role of melatonin, mechanisms of its synthesis and catabolism and also the medical aspects of its application on the basis of experimental and clinical research.

The authors have performed the study of the regional peculiar features of death causes and proposed the algorithm for screening and monitoring of blood circulation diseases (BCD) among the singled-out target groups of high cardiovascular risk. The developed algorithm for screening and monitoring of blood circulation diseases for the target groups of high cardiovascular risk makes it possible to increase the efficacy of the prophylactic medical examination aimed to decrease the untimely death rate.

The Catalogue of Average Annual Effective Dose (AAED) has been created to carry out zoning of the settlements of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of the data on Average annual effective dose (AAED) and the average density of soil contamination in the settlement by radionuclides 137Cs, 90Sr and 232, 239, 240Pu. The method of AAED assessment had been preliminary developed to assess the radiation dose of the residents in the Byelorussian settlements contaminated with Chernobyl radionuclides. The cost-efficacy of the use of the AAED assessment method made up 637 572 000 Belarusian roubles for every 5 years. The AAED of the irradiation exceeded 1 mSv/year for 191 Byelorussian settlements with 48 128 residents among from 2613. Resolution № 132 of the Council of Ministers of 01.02.2010 «On establishment of a list of settlements and objects situated in radiocontaminated zones» was approved according to the Catalogue of AAED with the account of the density of the soil contamination in the settlements.

The modern level of sports achievements, vital sports targets (choosing the specialization, individual style of teaching different levels of mastership, managing of the training process, selection into national teams, forecasting of sport achievements, etc.) call forth the necessity of studying and assessing the potency of all the organism systems, including those of the physical development in their interconnection as well as the individual peculiarities and their influence on the sports achievements [1]. Thereupon, the anthropomorphological signs influencing the display of strength, speed, flexibility, stamina, adaptation to different environmental conditions, working capacity, recovery and sport achievements are of great interest among the great number of individual indicators of the sportsmen’s organism peculiarities.

The literature review expounds the basic stages of the application of silver in medicine since the times of ancient civilizations up to date. Its most significant physicochemical properties have been described, the data on silver content in tissues of human body and Earth crust have been given, the modern view about the mechanism of the silver antimicrobial effect has been disclosed. The causes and types of the toxic reactions which are provoked by silver and its compounds in human have been analysed. The data on the danger of the excessive or uncontrolled silver application in medicine are given. The possible perspectives of the wider medical application of silver and its compounds are underlined in connection with the development of nanotechnologies.