Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the heaviest complications of diabetes and also is one of the principal causes of reduced vision and blindness. The leading part in the development of diabetic retinopathy belongs to retina hypoxia. Uniform pathogenesis and generality of clinical attributes allow considering diabetic maculopathy (DMP) as a frequent case of diabetic retinopathy. DMP is characterized by presence of the broadest spectrum of changes in macular areas. Even not rough early manifestations of diabetes in macula can become the catastrophe for central sight. Invalidity of young people of able-bodied age creates serious problems of not only medical, but also social and economic character. At present stage there was formed the tendency to increase informativeness and maximal objectivization of early diagnostics methods. Optical coherent tomography (ОКТ) allows defining objective attributes of diabetic maculopathy. ОКТ reveals changes of thickness of macular and peri-pappilary retina zones at pre-clinical stage of diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetes and its complications is one of the major medical-social and economic problems of present-day public health service. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered as late complications of diabetes. Progressing of diabetic retinopathy (DR), as a rule, occurs consistently from small initial manifestations which are characterized by increased retinal vascular permeability (nonproliferative retinopathy) up to changes connected with vessels occlusion (preproliferative retinopathy), and then up to the heaviest stage of diabetic retina lesion which is characterized by growth of neogenic vessels and glial tissue (proliferative retinopathy). Central oedema is one of the principal causes of sight decrease at patients with diabetes. Cone electroretinogram (CERG) on white stimulus reflects electric activity of photopic (cone) retina system function and dependence on amount of healthy functioning cells of this system in retina central departments. CERG allows diagnosing retina functional changes at pre-clinical stage of diabetic retinopathy development.

The aim of research: to study the influence of immunization of children by ribomunyl and the combined application of «teotard» (theophylline) + ribomunyl on IFN-g/IL-4 ratio in PBMCs culture in children with bronchial asthma (BA). Materials and methods. 90 children with BA were divided in 2 groups. 1^st group (60 children received ribomunyl) was subdivided into two subgroups on the basis of tuberculine intraskin tests: subgroup A included 30 children with normergy; subgroup B - 30 children with anergy. 2^nd group included 30 children who received «teotard» during 2 weeks, and then - ribomunyl. IL-4 and IFN-g production in PBMCs culture with mytogens and without stimulation was assessed by ELISA. Results. After the completion of the therapy indicated the reliable increase of IFN-g/IL-4 ratio in both stimulated and unstimulated cultures was registered in group 1 A. In group 1 B IFN-g/IL-4 ratio remained significantly reduced (р <0,05). In group 2 IFN-g/IL-4 ratio was also reliably increased. Conclusions. Influence of ribomunyl on IL-4 and IFN- g synthesis by PBMCs in vitro, depends on an initial condition of immune system of children. Administration of a prolonged theophylline preparation "teotard" and the subsequent immunization with ribomunyl renders positive regulatory effect on immune cells functioning in children with BA, having an anergy condition.

859 events of reversion of patients in a receiving department of the third hospital of Minsk with acute allergic responses from 2000 for 2005 are parsed. The structure and dynamics of acute allergic responses is investigated, national groups which one are more subject to the yielded pathology are spotted, problems of tactics and treatment of the allergic states requiring urgent hospitalisation are surveyed. During examination the trend to weighting of flow of acute allergic diseases has been taped: so for six years of patients with a Quincke's edema it was enlarged by 14 % and according to an urticaria on 20%. The augmentation of percent of the hospitalised patients is noted and their age composition is spotted.

The authors have studied opportunities of ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for early diagnostics infected pancreatic necrosis. The method used at 46 patients with acute pancreatitis and 67 FNAB made. Results of ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy allow authentically to diagnose infected pancreatic necrosis and to correct medical tactics.

The significance of plasma procalcitonin concentration for the differential of sterile and infected pancreatic necrosis was evaluated. Twenty-five patients with acute severe pancreatitis were examined. Plasma procalcitonin concentrations were notably increased in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis. These data indicate that measurement of procalcitonin concentration is the optimal laboratory test for the differential diagnosis of sterile and infected pancreatic necrosis.

The purpose of the present research is to study clinical-laboratory features of trombocytopathies in children. Clinical-laboratory parameters of 40 children aged 3-14 years old with hereditary and acquired forms of trombocytopathies have been studied. Haemorrhagic syndrome in majority of children presented as recurrent nasal and subcutaneous bleeding (55 and 25% respectively). Histograms data revealed an increased level of platelets at their normal amount in peripheral blood. The most sensitive haemostasiogram tests were: Ivy’s bleeding period, degree of platelets aggregation with adrenalin and ADP, aggregation period with ADP and aggregation speed with adrenalin.

Authors performed US examination of thymus by apparatus HDI 4000 (Philips, Germany) and linear probe 7,5-12 MHz in 30 newborn 3-28 twenty four hours old. Patients did not have signs of infections process in period of examination. Weight of newborn: from 2500 to 4300 g. Length, breadth and anterior - posterior size each lobe of the thymus were measured during US-scanning and these parameters were multiplied on next coefficients: 0,704 for thymus weight counting and 0,523 for volume counting. Parameters of volume and weight of the thymus were distributed on centile intervals. In neonatal period 23,3% newborn has low index weight of the thymus, 50% - middle index weight of the thymus and in 26,7% cases - above average.

Diagnostic value of duplex angiography for deep veins valve investigation been assessed. Retrograde phlebography (femoral or popliteal) have been choozen as referent method («gold standard»). The following criteria were took for account: accuracy, sensivity, specific and prognostic value of the positive and negative result. Figures of the duplex angiography stable charecteristics (sensivity and specific) indicates that the method may be useful for estimating femoral or popliteal veins valves condition. For the both segments predictive value of the negative result was higher then the positive. The analisis shows ability of the colour Doppler ultrasonography to be used as a screening and monitor method, because it leads to indicate most of the valve pathology among the varicose diesis patients and allow to estimate efficacy of the correction treatment. It is also may be used as a step in diagnostic for detecting the patients requiring deeper and more expensive invasive examination.

It is investigated the dynamic of lipid peroxidation indices and antioxidative system at patients with local deep thermal burns. It is reveald a considerable activation of lipid peroxidation system and antioxidative system at the patients and dependens of degree of change of different indices from the peculiarity of the postoperative period. It is showed that contens of terminal phosfolipide peroxidation products is a most sensible index of metabolistic disorders degree and can be used for the control of reparative process in wounds.

Currently coronary arteriography is widely used to establish the presence or absence of coronary stenoses, define therapeutic options, and determine prognosis in patients with symptoms or signs of ischemic coronary artery disease. Vasospastic angina indicates a form of angina caused by coronary artery spasm. The article reviews the most common difficulties and prospect of application of contemporary methods of diagnostics and treatment to find a solution of the task. The important tendency is development of percutaneous coronary interventions in treatment of coronary vasospasm.

The attitude of patients with diabetes Type 1 to treatment which essentially affects clinical course, is formed as a result of influence of many psychological and social factors. Achievement and long maintenance of compensation at diabetes is impossible without active participation of the patient in medical process. Detection of psychological features in a complex with definition of metabolic infringements is directed on complete representation about adaptive opportunities and defense mechanisms of patients with the purpose of development more adequate psychosomatic approaches. Quality of life (QOL) - it is satisfaction degree of man with his physical, mental and social condition. QOL on influence of remedial measures and reflecting subjective judgment of condition as a result of treatment or influences of illness.

The study of hormone status changing was conducted in the patients with atherosclerotic first manifestations of chronic brain ischemia. As a result it was established the hypo- function of thyroid glands in the male-patients under 40 years and female-patients at the age of 41-55, low figures of cortisole in the male-patients with five-year period of a disease, hypofunction of genital glands with compensatory function of hypophysis in the male-patients under 40 years and in the any age female-patients with different period of a disease. The changes of hormone profile have been received and can be used as the laboratory criteria in the case of making of chronic brain ischemia diagnosis.

The most imported evaluation criterion of spreading the tuberculosis is an index of the population’s infection by the tuberculosis mycobacteriums. The index of infection characterizes a reservoir volume of the tuberculosis infection and thereby a probability of initiation of the new cases of sickness. The maximum infected in favorable for epidemiological relation regions are among adults. And vice versa, a displacement to the age of children and teenagers gives the tuberculosis trouble. In condition of mass BCG vaccination the index everywhere is not calculated because the positive tuberculin probes appear in the infection and post vaccination immunity.

The aim this work was to study the morphology of the big papilla of the duodenum (BRD) of a dog and a human being for similarity and distinction revelation in then structure and to determinate the ability to carrying out an experiment investigation for BPD of the dog with following interpretation of obtained data to the human being.

In the paper presents the characteristic of mitochondrial oxidation of spleen slices of intact albino rats. High respiratory activity of this important immune-competent organ caused by the number of homeostatic functions performed by the spleen is shown.

The transtoracic echocardiography is one of most efficient and noninvasive method for determination of cardiac function. In the paper are described advantages of technique for echocardiodgraphic determination of murine cardiac function without application of the general anesthesia.

Metabolic consequences of introduction of dinyl on the concentration of free amino acids and their derivatives in animal’s tissues have been investigated in experiment on rats. The influence of taurine which was introduced together with dinyl on the spectrum of determined parameters also has been investigated. It has been revealed, that the peripheral action of taurine, which was introduced together with dinyl, is realized through the activation of the anabolic processes. The changes in tissues of the various departments of the brain at the animals receiving dinyl can have the relationship with clinical presentations of intoxication of dinyl. The course introduction of taurine on this background causes of the considerable changes in the concentration of the transmitter amino acid, biogenic amines, their metabolites and precursors. The analysis of the received data allows to make the conclusion about adaptive importance of observable changes. They confirm a role of taurine as compound optimizing the metabolic processes in the conditions of metabolic stress, both in the peripheral tissues, and the central nervous system.

We investigated cryoinfluence on a pancreas of a white rat in the experiment. Features of alterative, discirculatory and reclaiming processes are revealed.

By the example of white laboratory rats are examined morphometrical characteristics of structural components of a knee joint at presence experimental osteoartrosis and introduction in a cavity of a joint of whey of blood, and also combinations: whey + glass body, whey + alflutop. In original research it is shown gisthomodulation action of whey of blood and the specified combinations on components of a joint at experimental osteoartrosis, their value in morphogenetics processes.

The article is devoted to the problem of psychological well-being and its communication with educational motivation of modern students of humanitarian faculties and students of medical university. In the given work the major factors defining a level of subjective well-being and educational motivation of students are resulted. Results of research in the given area are analyzed and generalized. It is as a result established, that I exist distinctions in the field of psychological well-being and educational motivation among students of medical university and students of humanitarian faculties.

Biologically active substances of the polyphenolic nature from leaves Begonia erytrophylla, from elevated weight Laserpitium latifolium and Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait are isolated. The biological estimation of the isolated complexes in experiments on Tetrahymena pyriformis has revealed the expressed protective effect at individual and combined influence of lead, sodium nitrite and ultraviolet radiation. The protective effect was showed in stimulation of regenerative processes in the irradiated cells and prolongation of life cycle of a population.

Physiological and hygienic estimation of influence of electromagnetic radiations of a low-frequency range on a population health. Studying of a functional condition of the central nervous system and is intimate-vascular systems in dynamics of day at inhabitants of the experienced and control districts living in various on an electromagnetic field of a low-frequency range conditions. Hygienic specifications of influence on the population of magnetic fields of a low-frequency range in conditions of residing are developed. Are developed and authorized in Ministry of Health of Byelorussia Sanitary rules and norms «Protection of the population against influence of low-frequency electromagnetic radiations», the instruction «On optimization of conditions of residing of the population at influence on him of electromagnetic radiations of low-frequency and mid-frequency ranges», and also an instruction for the population «The person among low-frequency and mid-frequency electromagnetic fields».

In the given research the analysis of the statistical data of primary disability as among whole children (0-17 years), and also among children in the age ranges of 0-4 years, 5-9, 10-14, 15-17 years for 2002-2006 was carried out. Our data testify that the highest parameters of primary disability were registered among children from 0 till 4 years old, moreover the 42,2% of all cases of disability were fixed in this age range. The congenital anomalies and nervous system diseases were the principal cause of primary children's disability of 0-14 years. In nosological structure among children of 15-17 years the neoplasm, mental frustrations were in the lead.

Cited the data on primary performance of sanitary-and-hygienic norms in the majority children's preschool and general educational establishments of Gomel now. Dependence the prevalence of enterobiasis among preschool and general educational establishment’s children from parameters of sanitary-epidemic well-being of internal environment is investigated. Absence of distinctions in prevalence of enterobiasis among Gomel preschool and general educational establishment’s children, distinguished by parameters of sanitary-epidemic well-being of the internal environment, and also absence of authentic correlation interrelation between prevalence of enterobiasis and a total estimation of factors groups of the internal environment, do not allow to allocate the most significant of factors in prevalence of enterobiasis among children's collectives. In such conditions the greater value is got with factors of the intrafamily environment.

The present study describes the hygienic fundamentals of meteo-dependent diseases prevention considering climatic zones of the Republic of Belarus. Climate and weather, health of the population are the complex issue.

This article deal with comparative analysis of trends in cardiovascular and alcohol poisoning mortality rates in Russia in 1956-2005. The results of the time series analysis suggest a close relationship between the cardiovascular mortality and fatal alcohol poisoning rate at the population level. This study supports the hypothesis that an intoxication-oriented drinking pattern (binge drinking) is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality.

Questions of use of the disposable medical clothes made of modern nonwoven materials, on purpose countermicrobial protection of the medical personnel and patients are discussed. Possibilities of application of medical disposable means of an individual defence in various situations are shown.

Using the State Registry database there was composed the group including all people who stayed in the evacuation zone during the early post accident period not taking into account to what group of the primary account they belonged to. The provided analysis of the State Registry data about the population staying in the evacuation zone during the early post accident period showed that the dose filling of the existing databases is of current importance from the scientific and practical point of view. The using of place and terms of staying in the radiation exposure zone criteria not depending on the group of the primary account including the filling of databases with existing dosimetry information are considered to be the adequate ones for formation of groups with various dose burdens. The suggested approach can serve as the basis for optimization of the medical provision for the affected population on frequency and amount of treatment-diagnostic manipulations and also for providing long-term radiation-epidemiological studies.

The article contains the scientific facts regarding the radiogenic leukemia risks in children after the exposure of low doses ionizing radiation, as well as the results of the main completed epidemiological childhood leukemia studies in Belarus after the Chernobyl accident, and a discussion of the necessity of further researches taking into account the recommendations of the Chernobyl Forum and World Health Organization.

In the article the results of experimental research of external low-doze irradiation influence on parameters of tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in small intestine are described. There is an assumption, that the one of the most vulnerable cellular organelle is mitochondria. Ten days after the irradiation the significant changes in respiratory activity were observed on both endogenous and exogenous substrates, which confirm the important role of glutamate in the energy production of the small intestine.

In the paper results of studying of influence of incorporation¹³⁷Cs in quantity of 60 Bq/kg on mitochondrial oxidation of slices of a spleen of rats are presented. It is shown, increase in a share of FAD-dependent oxidation and presence the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorilation spleens which is not accompanied by the expressed stimulation of its respiratory activity.