The article provides an overview of domestic and foreign literature, including studies data on immune and endocrine interactions with a special focus on pathological deviations in thyroid hormones levels and the impact of thyroid status disorders on the development of complications during pregnancy and childbirth in women, the health of the newborn and children in the postnatal period. Endocrine disorders of the thyroid gland are considered – hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune thyroiditis, as well as iodine deficiency as one of the causes of these disorders. The article presents interdisciplinary research in the field of immunology and endocrinology.

The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the topic of publication is carried out. The databases Pubmed, Elibrary, Scholar.google, Cyberleninka.ru were used.

Human herpes viruses types 4, 6, and 7 are widespread among children, and possess a unique ability for maintaining lifelong latent persistence with periodic reactivation. This article provides an analytical review of the scientific literature on epidemiology, molecular biology, and clinical manifestations of infections caused by human herpesviruses types 4, 6, and 7, with a focus on their role in formation of chronic pain syndromes in children. The key mechanisms of herpesvirus involvement in the genesis of chronic pain syndromes are induction of chronic systemic and neuroinflammation with production of proinflammatory cytokines; direct neurotropism; maintenance of central sensitization; triggering of autoimmune reactions leading to damage to nerve structures; development of visceral hypersensitivity through molecular mimicry. Human herpes viruses types 4, 6, and 7, when persistent and reactivated by maintaining a state of immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation, create a biological basis for the transformation of acute nociceptive pain into nociplastic pain, specific to the formation of chronic pain syndromes in children.

Objective. To assess the effect of nerve blocks on pain relief and motor function of the lower limb after total knee arthroplasty.

Materials and methods. The study included 63 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Group 1 consisted of 29 patients who underwent blockades of the peripheral nerves of the lower limb (n.tibialis, n.saphenus, n. to vastus medialis, n.obturatorius and anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve) after surgery. Group 2 consisted of 34 patients without blocks. Pain syndrome was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) in 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after surgery. The Medical Research Council Muscle Scale (MRC) was used to assess the strength of the quadriceps of femor in 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours after surgery.

Results. Throughout all postoperative stages of the study, significantly lower pain scores were found in the group of patients who underwent nerve blockade after total knee arthroplasty, p<0.05. Significant differences in quadriceps strength between the groups were found only in 3 hours after surgery: in the group 1 – 3 [2; 4] points, and in the group 2 – 4 [3; 5] points (p<0.05).

Conclusion. Nerve blocks of the lower limb effectively reduce pain after knee arthroplasty, and in 20.7% of cases allow early mobilization of patients.

Objective. To consider currently known theories of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP). To study gender and age structure of the SP patient group, and to identify common patterns in the course of SP among patients in Gomel and the Gomel region.

Materials and methods. Literary data on the genesis of SP were analyzed. A retrospective analysis of 226 medical records of hospital patients treated for SP at the surgical thoracic department of the Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital in the period 2019–2021 was conducted. A comparative assessment of patients’ social, anthropometric, epidemiological, and clinical data was conducted. The obtained data were processed in the STATISTICA 10.0 software package using descriptive statistics.

Results. The gender and age distribution of patients with SP was determined. Males with an average age of 36,1 (95% CI 34.2 – 38.0, SD=14.6) in a formed group predominated (79.6%). It was found out that patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) were more common than secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (88% and 12%, respectively). Patients with a normal body mass index (BMI) predominated in the group, median value complied 20,4±3,2 kg/m². Other constitutional features important for determining the dysplastic phenotype could not be clarified within the retrospective study. The vast majority of patients had no precursors or trigger factors for the development of SP. Individual patients noted lifting weights the day before the onset of SP (n=11), training in the gym with strength exercises the day before SP or long-distance running (n=7), as well as presence of acute respiratory disease in a medical history (n 19) among the provoking factors. The majority of patients had right-sided SP (n=176; 77.9%) with the rupture localized in the S1-S2 segments. Macroscopic and microscopic histological material is shown signs of the bullous emphysema in 198 (87,6%) cases.

Conclusion. This study analyzes existing working hypotheses regarding the causes of SP. Gender and age structure of the patients with SP in the case of 226 patients treated at hospitals over a three-year period. PSP was more frequently diagnosed in young men in the study group that corresponds to published data. The frequency of occurrence and nosological forms of secondary SP were identified, among which chronic obstructive pulmonary disease predominated; secondary SP was significantly more common in elderly patients. The right-sided localization of the process with damage to the apical segments of the lungs prevailed. Multiple bullae that were not detected on X-ray images of the lungs were revealed in the vast majority of patients during the histological examination of lung tissue resected during surgical intervention. The volume of SP prior to surgical treatment amounted to a half of normal. Analysis of medical records revealed a lack of data for evaluation of the dysplastic phenotype of the patients according to the current criteria. A prospective study is needed for a detailed and comprehensive study of the role of connective tissue dysplasia in the development of SP, as well as the presence of histological markers indicating connective tissue dysfunction and fibrosis.

Objective. To clarify the peculiarities of occurrence, characteristics and associated symptoms of various phenotypes of post-stroke pain syndrome (PSPS) in a follow-up survey.

Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on an analysis of medical records followed by prospective telephone interviews. A total of 300 records of impatiens treated on account of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) from 2018 till 2020 inclusive were randomly selected from the archives of the Stroke Neurology Department of the Gomel University Clinic – Regional Hospital for Veterans of the Great Patriotic War. There were 211 men, 89 women, average age is 57.7±8.5 years old. A structured survey included questions aimed at assessing the following aspects of PSPS: localization, time of onset relative to the moment of ACVA, duration and nature of pain. Data on the presence and severity of spasticity (hypermyotonia), concomitant sleep disorders, as well as the analgesic and pathogenetic therapy received by the patients were recorded additionally. Statistical processing was performed using the software package “Statistica 12.0” (StatSoft, Inc.).

Results. Analysis of medical records revealed the presence of PSPS in the acute period of the disease in 97 patients (32,3% of the total cohort). A significant correlation was established between the occurrence of pain syndrome in the acute period and the type of the past ACVA (r=0,42; p<0,05). The incidence of PSPS was significantly higher in the ICH group compared to the IGM group: 43 cases (71,7%) versus 54 cases (22,5%), respectively (χ²=21,3; p<0,001). During the follow-up survey, pain syndrome was verified in 178 patients (59,3%) in 1–3 years after the stroke. The prevalence of PSPS in the late period significantly exceeded that in the acute period (χ²=44,1; p<0,001). Isolated pain syndrome of one type was recorded in 96 patients (53,9% of the group with PSPS). Its structure was distributed as follows: headache – 52 patients (29,2%); shoulder pain – 29 patients (16,3%); musculoskeletal pain – 8 patients (4,5%); central pain in the extremities – 7 patients (3,9%). Combined forms of PSPS, including several types of pain, were observed in 82 patients (46,1%): combination of 2 types of pain – 66 patients (37,1%); combination of 3 types of pain – 12 patients (6,7%); combination of 4 types of pain – 4 patients (2,3%).

Conclusion. PSPS is a clinically heterogeneous, often comorbid condition requiring a differentiated approach to diagnosis and treatment. The data obtained on the characteristics of PSPS phenotypes, their temporal dynamics, and associated symptoms can serve as the basis for developing personalized algorithms for post-stroke patient care aimed at improving functional outcomes and quality of life.

Objective. To analyze effectiveness of combined reperfusion therapy (RT) in patients with cerebral infarction (CI) based on registry data of Neurology Department No. 1 of the Gomel University Clinic – Regional Hospital for Veterans of the Great Patriotic War over 2024.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 30 cases of CI in patients treated at the Gomel University Clinic over 2024 was conducted. 12 women and 18 men, average age is 69 [62; 74] years old were involved. All patients underwent a somatic and neurological examination, clinical tests, functional status assessment, computed tomography was performed, and IM subtype was determined according to the TOAST. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was assessed before conducting systemic thrombolytic therapy and after RT. Time intervals for providing assistance were defined for each patient: “from onset to door”, “from door to needle”, “from door to puncture”. Blood flow recovery was assessed using the Thrombosis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale. Treatment outcomes were assessed at the end of the acute period. The data were analyzed using STATISTICA 10.0, R language.

Results. The age of patients underwent RT was: 75 [71.3; 83] years old in women and 64 [56; 69] years old in men, p<0.001. The predominant pathogenetic subtype was atherothrombotic in men — 90%, p=0.046, cardioembolic in women — 42%, p=0.017. The time parameters of reperfusion complied with the national requirements: 93 [65; 110] minutes “from onset to door”; 35 [25; 110] minutes from door to needle; 97.5 [82; 140] minutes “from door to puncture”. Time intervals did not differ in patients with different CI outcomes. Satisfactory reperfusion percent was 68% > 2 points on the TICI scale, mortality after RT was 16%. The outcome of CI after RT was influenced by NIHSS score on admission: OR=1.54, 𝜒²=6.34, p=0.012.

Conclusion. Satisfactory results of RT application within the Neurology Department No. 1 of the Gomel University Clinic – Regional Hospital for Veterans of the Great Patriotic War were identified, with mortality lower than the literature data (16% versus 19%). The factors, correction of which can potentially improve the outcome of CI, were identified.

Objective. To determine the frequency and pattern of incidence of dolichocolon and coloptosis in patients with chronic constipation and recurrent abdominal pain syndrome.

Materials and methods. A retrospective, single-center descriptive study was conducted. A total of 206 patients were examined for the period from January 2023 till December 2025. There were 82 men and 124 women. The average age of the patients was 51.5 years old. Inclusion criteria were recurrent abdominal pain syndrome, either with or without chronic constipation (group 1) or without constipation (group 2). Exclusion criteria included previous colon surgery, acute inflammatory processes in the colon and abdominal cavity, and the impossibility of performing an irrigoscopy for medical reasons. Barium enema or irrigography was performed, assessing the position of the colon in both horizontal and vertical positions.

Results. Complaints of chronic constipation and intermittent abdominal pain were in 160 patients (group 1), while recurrent pain syndrome presented only in 46 patients (group 2). Thirty-three (21%) patients in the first group were diagnosed with dolichocolon, 13 (8%) patients were diagnosed with coloptosis, and 61 (38%) patients had a combination of dolichocolon and coloptosis. Other causes of constipation were found in 38 (24%) patients (psychogenic constipation, poor diet, physical inactivity, medication use, endocrine disorders). Additionally, 15 (9%) patients in this group were diagnosed with colon cancer. In 46 patients of the second group, no anatomical changes in the form of dolichocolon and coloptosis were detected despite other diseases of the colon.

Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the need for a comprehensive radiographic approach in examining patients with chronic constipation, as well as the diagnostic value of barium enema andirrigography as methods of choice for assessing the length, configuration, and abnormal mobility of the colon. Examination in the upright position is key to identifying unstable (mobile) coloptosis, which is inaccessible to endoscopic methods. Examination of a patient in an upright position is a key one to identifying unstable (mobile) coloptosis, which is inaccessible to endoscopic methods. Timely diagnosis of dolichocolon and coloptosis allows accuratly determination of the cause of the obstructed passage and facilitates the selection of optimal treatment policy, preventing complications of chronic intestinal dysfunction.

Objective. To determine features of the vaginal microbiocenosis in pregnant women with cervical insufficiency. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 69 pregnant women between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation, aged 34 (32; 36) years old. The patients were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 39 pregnant women with cervical insufficiency. The comparison group included 30 women without cervical insufficiency. Condition of the vaginal microbiome was assessed using microscopy and bacteriology of vaginal fluid, vaginal fluid pH testing, and the Femoflor-16 method.

Results. Diseases associated with disturbances in the vaginal microbiocenosis according to a set of microscopic criteria were diagnosed in 46.2% (18 of 39) of patients with cervical insufficiency and 16.7% (5 of 30) of patients without cervical insufficiency (χ²=5,374, p=0,020). In pregnant women with cervical insufficiency, a violation of the vaginal microbiocenosis in the form of bacterial vaginosis is more often observed, which is accompanied by a higher pH level of vaginal fluid (Z= -2,784; p=0,005). In patients of the main group, according to the results of bacteriological examination of vaginal discharge, positive cultures were found in 41.0% (16 of 39) cases versus 6.7% (2 of 30) cases in the comparison group (χ²=8,676; p=0,003). According to Femoflor-16 data, vaginal microbiocenosis disorders were noted in 23.1% (9 of 39) of patients in the main group and 23.3% (7 of 30) in the comparison group (χ²=0,069; p=0,792). In the vaginal microbiocenosis of patients with cervical insufficiency, microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family (p=0,0005), Staphylococcus spp. (p=0,0001) are significantly more frequently represented; the concentration of Ureaplasma (urealyticum + parvum) is increased to more than 104 GE/ml.

Conclusion. The method of pH-metry of vaginal fluid is necessary as a screening method for diagnosing disorders of the vaginal microbiocenosis in patients with cervical insufficiency before its correction, the use of molecular genetic methods for diagnosing the state of the vaginal microbiocenosis allows for a more accurate determination of the state of the urogenital tract microbiota in order to select a drug treatment regimen before correcting cervical insufficiency.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two methods of laryngeal mask (LM) placement during combined anesthesia in children.

Materials and methods. All patients were males (n=85), age median was 2 years old (1,5; 4). 2 clinical groups were created depending on the methods of mask placement during combined anesthesia. The standard LM insertion technique was applied in the 1st clinical group (n=44), LM insertion with 180° rotation was used in the 2nd clinical group (n=41).

Results. Conducted comparative analysis of hemodynamic parameters revealed significant differences indicating a less pronounced hemodynamic reaction in the 2nd clinical group (p=0.0016). Moreover, the total LM insertion time was 25.9 seconds (24.7; 28.8) (p=0.00017), first attempt time was 25.0 seconds (23.8; 26.5) (p=0.00065) and the number of attempts to inject it in group 2 were statistically significantly lower compared to the group using the standard technique (χ2 6.12, df=2, p=0.046 (p=0.0494, Fisher’s exact test)). However, none intergroup differences were found regarding oropharyngeal leak pressure, presence of blood on the cuff after LM extraction, and the presence of a sore throat the day after surgery.

Conclusion. Using of the laryngeal mask placement technique with 180° rotation showed greater efficiency, as evidenced by a 14.4% shorter LM placement time, which was statistically significantly lower – 25.9 sec. (24.7; 28.8), versus 30.6 sec. (27.4; 38.9) (p<0.05); 9.7% less time spent on the first attempt – 25.0 sec. (23.8; 26.5), versus 27.7 sec. (25.9; 29.1) (p<0.05); less attempts to install and less HR changing – 130.0 per min. (125.0; 135.0), versus 137.5 per min. (132.0; 145.0) (p<0.05) than using the standard LM placement method.

Objective. To evaluate changes in the levels of esterified and free cholesterol in blood plasma in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by an abdominal septic process.

Materials and methods. The fractions of esterified and free cholesterol were analyzed in blood samples from 11 patients with abdominal sepsis MODS, as well as in the blood of 9 healthy individuals made up the control group. The total cholesterol content was determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer, while thin-layer chromatography was used to analyze the fractions of free and esterified cholesterol. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric statistics; statistical differences were considered significant at p<0.05.

Results. The total plasma cholesterol of patients with sepsis and MODS was characterized by a substantially reduced esterified cholesterol fraction, and correspondingly increased free cholesterol proportion. Upon that the ratio of esterified to free cholesterol was almost four times lower than in the control group. The absolute concentration of esterified cholesterol in blood plasma of these patients was slightly more than half of the minimum normal value, while the concentration of free cholesterol was within the normal range.

Conclusion. The identified changes confirm data on decrease in the activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in sepsis and MODS, which is responsible for the formation of the majority of esterified cholesterol in the blood by esterifying its free form. Moreover, it should be taken into account that this process is crucial for reverse cholesterol transport. Obtained results may also represent decreased activity of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), responsible for intracellular cholesterol esterification. Since the liver plays a leading role not only in cholesterol synthesis but also in LCAT production and ACAT-mediated esterification of cholesterol, the decline in esterified cholesterol levels during MODS likely reflects impaired hepatic metabolic function.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of local chest X-ray irradiation on the histological picture of lung tissue and the size profile of blood nanoparticles in young rats in the early long-term period after irradiation.

Materials and methods. A single local irradiation of 6-month-old Wistar rats was performed using a biological X-ray machine X-RAD 320 Precision X-ray Inc at doses of 0.1, 1 and 15 Gy. After a 3-week post-radiation period, the sizes of nanoscale blood particles were measured by dynamic light scattering method; a histological examination of the rats’ lungs, non-irradiated and irradiated, was performed.

Results. With increase of the absorbed dose from 0.1 to 15.0 Gy, interstitial edema increases with infiltration by lymphocytes and neutrophils, and with the simultaneous formation of interstitial pneumonia and bronchopneumonia (15 Gy), the stroma/parenchyma ratio increases (rs= 0.365; p=0.001), the size of nanoparticles in the blood increased significantly after irradiation of young rats with a dose of 15 Gy. A conducted comparative analysis of the effects of ionizing radiation on young and mature rats revealed that if a young organism is prone to a more acute, destructive inflammatory reaction, then the body in adulthood triggers the mechanisms of chronic inflammation and fibrosis faster, which in the long term increases the likelihood of severe respiratory failure.

Conclusion. It was found that age is a critical factor determining the severity of radiation damage to the lungs. The experimental data obtained can serve as a theoretical basis for assessing radiation damage, taking into account the age of the body, helping to minimize the risks of radiation therapy and various radioecological disasters.

Objective. To conduct an analysis of the closure tightness of the perforated opening of the stomach using sutureless methods in comparison with suture methods in an experiment.

Materials and methods. The macroscopic picture of the abdominal cavity was studied, gastric pneumohydropressure and microbiological examination of the abdominal cavity contents were performed in 80 animals from 4 groups.

Results. In the conducted study, when comparing the macroscopic picture, pneumohydropressure, microbiological assessment of the traditional (suture) and sutureless methods of closure of the perforated opening of the gastric ulcer, no significant differences were found.

Conclusion. The method of suturing by mechanical fixation of tissues appears to be more durable, however, sutureless methods, due to the properties of the materials and the method of application, create conditions sufficient for the formation of a hermetic seal of the perforation hole, and are not inferior to suture methods.

Objective. To assess the structure and duration of temporary disability (TD) in patients with post-COVID-19 infection.

Materials and methods. A single-center cohort study was conducted involving 137 patients observed at Gomel Central City Clinical Polyclinic (GCCCP), Branch No. 12 from 2021 to 2025. Women accounted for 67.2% (92 people) of the study cohort of patients, and men – 32.8% (45 people). 81% (111 people) of patients were of working age.

Results. Temporary disability certificates were not issued to only 14.6% of patients with post-COVID-19 infection conditions during the entire observation period. The most common types of temporary disability were single or double cases. The average duration of the case (ADC) of temporary disability in non-working patients was longer, amounting to 24.8 (p=0,045) in 2022, 48.5 (p=0,0006) in 2023, and 24.5 (p=0,016) in 2024, compared to 15.0, 21.0, and 18.5 (p=0,016) in 2024 among working-age patients. Among the causes of temporary disability in patients of working age, the most common were acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), injuries and back pain, while in patients of non-working age, the most common were ARVI, arterial hypertension (AH) and joint diseases.

Conclusion. A known history of acute COVID-19 infection did not reveal a significant impact on the incidence, frequency, and structure of temporary disability.

Objective. To identify the role of athletic qualification and gender in propensity for pathological gambling in young people in Belarusian population, as well as to assess the potential of sports activities as a protective factor against gambling addiction.

Materials and methods. The study compared the propensity for pathological gambling in student athletes (n=499) and non-athlete students (n=352) using the modified Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann – Whitney U test to compare group medians. Additionally, athletes were stratified by sports qualification level, and gender-balanced subsamples were constructed to control for gender imbalance.

Results. It was concluded that male participants in both groups demonstrated significantly higher gambling propensity scores compared to females. Significant differences were identified between young males from different groups (p=0.0028), whereas no such difference was found among young females (p=0.4459). The key role of gender factor rather than sport activity per se, was demonstrated (p<0.0001). At the same time, an internal gradient was identified in the group of athletes: the higher the sports category, the lower the manifestation of gambling addiction (p < 0.0001), which make it possible to suggest a compensatory effect of intensive and structured training or psychological satisfaction with the results of sports achievements.

Conclusion. The study revealed that males prove higher levels of gambling propensity than females. While no statistically significant difference was found between female athletes and non-athlete females, male non-athlete students showed significantly greater gambling propensity than male athletes.

The article presents a clinical case of a rare disease neurofibromatosis (NF). Typical clinical symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic tactics are demonstrated. The problems of cancer alertness and malignancy are touched on. Patients with NF1 have a high risk of developing neoplasms, including a high risk of malignancy, which significantly reduces the life expectancy of these people.

Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is one of the phenotypic manifestations of gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). In this pathology, due to fetomaternal isoimmunization, the production of IgG antibodies against fetal hepatocytes occurs. As a result of the interaction between fetal liver antigens and mothers antibodies, hepatocyte damage and apoptosis develop. The clinical symptoms of GALD are diverse and most often manifest in a form of neonatal hemochromatosis. There is a clinical and laboratory picture of acute liver failure with hemorrhagic syndrome due to coagulopathy, hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia with the development of edema syndrome. The discovery of the alloimmune nature of this pathology has made it possible to develop a more effective treatment method using exchange blood transfusion and intravenous administration of immunoglobulin at a dose of 1g/kg, which has increased the survival rate of newborns to 75%. In this regard, it is important for obstetricians, gynecologists and neonatologists to be aware of the mechanisms of this pathology, its clinical picture, and possible treatment methods.

Objective. To systematize modern concepts of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of patients with elastofibroma of the back, and to illustrate the features of the diagnostic process based on the analysis of literature data and a clinical case.

Materials and methods. An analysis of scientific literature dedicated to elastofibroma was conducted. A detailed clinical observation of a 65-year-old female patient with bilateral asymptomatic masses in the subscapular region was also presented. Diagnosis involved clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and histological examination after biopsy.

Results. The clinical case demonstrated the difficulties of radiological diagnostics: according to MRI data, a malignant process (fibrosarcoma) was suspected, whereas the CT picture, considering the typical location and structure, suggested elastofibroma. The final diagnosis was established only after histological examination, which revealed fragmented elastic fibers (“globules”) and fibrous tissue without signs of atypy. Taking into account absence of symptoms, the patient was recommended a wait-and-see approach with dynamic observation. The literature analysis confirmed that modern radiological methods (ultrasound, CT, MRI) play a key role in diagnostics, revealing pathognomonic signs, and surgical treatment is indicated only in the presence of symptoms.

Conclusion. Elastofibroma is a rare benign formation, often requiring differential diagnostics with malignant soft tissue tumors. The most informative diagnostics methods are CT and MRI, but verification is only possible histologically in complex cases. In asymptomatic cases, dynamic observation is the method of choice, as the disease lacks potential for malignant transformation. The presented case study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach combining anamnestic data, radiological methods, and morphological examination.

The article presents a new methodology for improving food safety by regulating the distribution of pollutants (radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides) in agricultural crops using secondary plant metabolites, in particular flavonoids. The results of using an improved method of supercritical fluid extraction of metabolites and theoretical analysis of experimental data from other scientists point the way to the creation of a new agricultural technology for obtaining environmentally friendly products, where the targeted use of flavonoids stimulates the natural defense mechanisms of plants. These mechanisms include the processes of synthesis of chelating proteins and enzymes in plants for the immobilization of pollutants in certain organs. Flavonoids have been shown to regulate antioxidant protection, complex formation and redistribution of metabolite transport as signaling molecules. This is the first study to combine supercritical fluid extraction and exogenous application of flavonoids to reduce pollutant translocation in crops. The purpose of this technology is to produce agricultural products that comply with international food safety standards and to enable the safe cultivation of crops on contaminated lands.