Objective: to systematize the data on the possibility of application of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of ligamentosis of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament. Materials. Publications containing information about the use of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of ligamentosis of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament deposited in PubMed resources and information portal eLIBRARY.RU. Results. The work has sorted out the most important aspects regarding the possibility of application of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of ligamentosis of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament. Conclusion. Modern methods of X-ray diagnostics are able to provide visualization of the posterior long sacroiliac ligaments, but the absence of reliable diagnostic criteria does not make it possible to diagnose degenerative changes (ligamentosis) confidently and, accordingly, to verify the related cases of lower back pain syndrome.

This article studies strong and weak points of the informatization process in education from the standpoint of the student`s psychology and the psychology of the educational process and brings to light the negative consequences of information and communication technologies in education. The necessity of careful examination of informatization processes in modern society is emphasized in the work.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) can be called one of the most important issues of modern cardiology for it is the first and the last sign of heart trouble in 25 % people and occurs in 60 % patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Interest to the problem is caused also by the fact that the SCD prevalence tends to increase. Obviously there are ways to take effective measures of prevention aimed at the improvement of the situation. The literature review presents analysis of publications containing topical information about mechanisms and reasons, risk factors and predictors for SCD and covers ways to treat and prevent the disease.

Objective : to develop new methods of helping persons suffering from alcohol dependence (AD). Material and methods . Using a standardized questionnaire we have conducted a comparative study of relapse-dangerous clinical situations (irritability and others) in 319 patients with AD (F 10.202). Results. It has been found that before the failure of therapeutic remission manifestations of relapse-dangerous clinical situations (RDCC) in patients with AD, in addition to signs of craving for alcohol (p < 0.05), do not depend on the duration of abstinence from alcohol consumption (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Patients with alcohol dependence in situations which may lead to the failure of therapeutic remission regardless of its duration using the factor for generalized RBCN should be considered as a homogeneous group, which requires differentiated individual and personal approach to the treatment and diagnostic measures.

Objective: to analyze the interrelation between the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), renal function, and the indicators of the androgenic state in patients with DM type 1. Material and methods. 173 males with DM 1 type at the age of 18-55 years were examined. The control group included 25 almost healthy males at the age of 21-41. The compensation of DM was estimated according to the level of glycosylated hemoglobin. Also, we assessed the indicators of lipid profile, GFR MDRD, total testosterone, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin. Results. The experience of diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in patients with GFR MDRD < 60 ml/min/1.73 m². Patients with GFR MDRD < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² in the absence of compensation (Hb A1c > 7.5 %) noted higher levels of LH, FSH, LH/FSH and significantly lower levels of general and free testosterone. Patients having GFR MDRD > 60ml/min/1.73 m² revealed no significant distinctions between the levels of testosterone and gonadotrophins in various compensation of DМ. Conclusion. The revealed changes are important risk factors for the development and progression of vascular complications and demand that adequate measures should be taken.

Objective : to determinate the diagnostic value of the level of the collagen IV expression in patients with dystrophic changes in iliolumbar, long dorsal sacroiliac, and sacrotuberous ligaments. Material of research. Iliolumbar (n = 26), long dorsal sacroiliac (n = 26) and sacrotuberous (n=26) ligaments from 13 corpses: 5 male (the average age was 65.6 ± 5.6) and 8 female (the average age was 67.2 ± 6.1). Results. We have revealed a negative statistically considerable correlation between the parameters characterizing the intensity of dystrophic changes and the level of the collagen IV expression in iliolumbar, long dorsal sacroiliac, and sacrotuberous ligaments: R = -0.93 / -0.85 / -0.72 (р < 0.05), accordingly. Conclusion. We have made a conclusion about the possibility of preliminary assessment of the intensity of dystrophical changes in iliolumbar, long dorsal sacroiliac, and sacrotuberous ligaments by determining the level of the collagen IV expression in cases when there is little morphological material.

Aim: to study the levels of fractalkine and IL-8 in blood serum of patients with exacerbation of chronic purulent rhinosinusitis. Material and methods . Twenty patients suffering from chronic purulent rhinosinusitis were examined during the stage of exacerbation. The control group consisted of twenty conditionally healthy individuals with nasal septum deviation. The blood sampling of the examined patients was performed. The levels of fractalkine and IL-8 in the blood serum were determined by ELISA. Results. The exacerbation of purulent chronic rhinosinusitis leads to increased levels of both fractalkine and IL-8 in the blood serum of patients, which contributes to the involvement of neutrophils, monocytes, and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes into the inflammatory process. Chemokines IL-8 and fractalkine play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic purulent rhinosinusitis, which suggests the reasonability of application of pharmacological preparations that block their functions. Conclusions. The carried out study revealed increased levels of both fractalkine and IL-8 in the blood serum of the patients with chronic purulent rhinosinusitis at the stage of exacerbation

Aim: to assess the changes of the functional parameters and indices of the cardiovascular system in lyceum pupils at the beginning and at the end of an academic year. Material and methods. We examined 41 pupils of the tenth form (28 girls and 13 boys) of the educational institution «Gomel State Regional Lyceum». Using the method of impedance cardiography at the beginning and the end of an academic year we registered the parameters of central hemodynamics: heart rate, stroke volume, minute volume, cardiac index, general peripheric resistance. We calculated the physiologic indices: index of functional state of organism, Robinson index, endurance ratio, Kerdo vegetative index. Results. It has been found that in the period from September till May there is a significantly considerable (р < 0.05) decrease of systolic and diastolic pressure, general peripheric resistance of vessels of girls and boys. The increment of the functional adaptation of organism to the academic process by the end of an academic year was manifested in the considerable increment of energy potential of the cardiovascular system (р < 0.05) and considerable increment of its endurance in lyceum pupils (р < 0.05). Conclusion. During an academic year lyceum pupils observe increment of adaptation mechanisms of the cardiovascular system to the academic process.

The morbidity rate of pulmonary mycobacteriosis is growing in the Republic of Belarus, which requires the study of the disease aimed at the improvement of the diagnostics, treatment and regular medical check-up of patients. We retrospectively studied 62 cases of pulmonary mycobacteriosis in patients observed in 2010-2016. It has been found that non-specificity of the clinical and roentgenological picture of mycobacterioses leads to diagnostic difficulties. The most reliable verifying method is multiple detecting and identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria by cultivation. The etiotropic treatment of the patients must be provided taking into account the individual sensitivity of an agent to antibacterial medicinal drugs.

Objective: to compare the effectiveness of two approaches to the treatment of patients with low back pain syndrome: the traditional approach based on the classification of I.P.Antonov (1984) and more modern one based on the criteria of nonspecific pain. Material and methods. The work gives the data of complex examination and treatment of 628 patients of the main group and 79 patients of the comparison group. Results and discussion. Both the groups detected abnormalities from normal values with greater frequency in laboratory and tool methods of research. The duration of inpatient treatment of the patients of the main group was statistically significantly shorter due to a differentiated traditional approach to the treatment of patients with vertebrogenic lumbosacral pain syndrome. Conclusion. The traditional approach to the concretization of pain syndrome in lumbar osteochondrosis substantially in terms of effectiveness exceeds the concept of nonspecific pain in the lower back, references for which dominate in English-language sources.

Objective: to develop the optimal terms for removal of tanatal staples in patients with diabetes mellitus type II in the closure of primary aseptic wounds on the face and neck without tension. Material and methods. The criteria for inclusion of patients in the study were as follows: the necessity for surgery with removal of submuscular structures or neoplasms on the face and neck (nodular benign thyroid pathology without prior therapy, benign soft tissue tumors) with the subsequent closure of primary aseptic wound without tension and presence of diabetes of the second type in the compensation phase. The wound was covered with a stapler, the use of which is characterized by minimal tissue reactions. Results. We have determined the optimal time of removal of tantalum braces for the present group of patients. Conclusion. The optimal time for removal of tantalum clamps in this group of patients is the 8^th day of the postoperative period. It is confirmed by the statistical analysis when comparing the quality factor of postoperative cicatrix in a similar group of patients without concomitant pathology.

Objective: to assess the effectiveness of intra-articular therapy in patients with gonarthrosis according to the criteria of quality of life of the SF-36 questionnaire. Material and methods. The dynamics of the indicators of quality of life before and after the treatment was studied. The main group consisted of 69 patients with gonarthrosis who underwent a course of treatment with autologous serum, the control group included 46 persons without the studied pathology. Females were included in this study. Both the groups were comparable in age - 55.6 ± 11.1 and 57.8 ± 12.0 years, respectively, p> 0.05. Results. According to the results of our study conducted among residents of the city of Gomel, the indicators of quality of life in women with gonarthrosis of the knee joint are significantly lower by all scales of the SF-36 questionnaire than in women of the corresponding age but without this pathology. At the same time, changes in QOL are in a large measure due to the physical component of health. The most significant contribution to the reduction of quality of life is limitation of physical exercise, which is associated with a constant feeling of pain and discomfort in the joints. The limitation of physical exercise leads to the reduction of social activity, the subjective assessments of the emotional state, mood and, in general, the general health state deteriorate. Conclusion. The application of blood autoseretics in patients with HA for intra-articular administration showed its effectiveness in terms of the criteria of quality of life. Thus, the proposed method of the treatment is promising and has a pronounced symptom-modifying effect.

Objective: to characterize the macroscopic diagnosis, sources of infection, and ways of prevention using the example of an ophthalmic case of dirofilariasis. Material and methods. The work presents an ophthalmologic case of dirofilariasis in a 27 year-old female patient and describes the macroscopic diagnosis of helminthiasis. Results. The article deals with actual issues of one of the transmissible zoonotic biohelminthiasis - human dirofilariasis. It gives a historical perspective of the disease and the data about the frequency of dirofilariasis in Belarus. The article describes a clinical case of human dirofilariasis in Gomel first caused by hypodermic migration of nematode larva and then by parasitization of the conjunctiva by an adult nematode. The male Dirofilaria repens was found and identified in the female patient. The fact of local infection was established, morphological diagnostic features of the helminth were defined. Preventive measures were recommended. Conclusion. In Gomel, dirofilariasis has a sporadic character, but some cases of indigenous infection can be found. Further studies of the epidemiology of the disease are required.

Aim: to study MCP-1 concentrations in chronic carrageenan-induced gastroenterocolitis and the role of this protein in the development and progression of the disease. Material and methods . Thirty female WAG rats were divided into three groups (each group consisted of ten individuals): 1) introduction of 1% carrageenan solution for 14 days; 2) introduction of 1 % carrageenan solution for 28 days; 3) the control group. The animals of the first two groups were developing gastroenterocolitis. The MCP-1 and TNF-α concentrations were measured in the blood serum by ELISA. Results. Development of carrageenan-induced gastroenterocolitis was accompanied by increased levels of both MCP-1 and TNF-α in the blood serum. The level of the increase of both the parameters was more evident after four-week oral taking of the food additive carrageenan. Conclusion. The increased MCP-1 production in carrageenan-induced gastroenterocolitis may be directly due to the toxic effect of carrageenan on the macrophages of the gastrointestinal tract, development of oxidative stress, as well as due to the stimulating effect of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α.

Objective: to analyze the pool of free amino acids and their nitrogen-containing metabolites of blood plasma of animals being administered lead acetate for 21 or 28 days. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on white male rats with the initial weight of 140-160 g. During the experiment the animals received a total amount of 0.67 g of lead acetate (21 days), the second group - 1.12 g (28 days). The determination of free amino acids in blood plasma was performed by the method of reversed-phase HPLC. Results. As a result of the research it has been found out that the most significant contribution to the formation of the amino acid imbalance in blood plasma as a result of the long-term intake of lead acetate according to the value of the Fisher test is caused by changes in the concentrations of α-aminobutyric acid, isoleucine, aspartate, arginine, glycine, serine, histidine, and methionine. Conclusion. The long-term intake of lead acetate with drinking water leads to a statistically significant increase of general content of free amino acids and their nitrogen-containing metabolites, as well as to a decrease of the concentration the essential amino acid threonine in blood plasma.

The biologically active properties of the aqueous extracts of Hericium erinaceus were evaluated on the Af line mice using experimental models. It was found that consuming of the aqueous extracts of the studied fungus led to an increase in the resistance of the Af line laboratory mice to the transplantation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The 19-day survival rate grew up to 31.8 % after consuming the fungus extract in a concentration of 4 g/l (p = 0.0049). The positive effect of the preventive intake of the aqueous extract of H. erinaceus before the radiation and chemical exposure in the experimental model of spontaneous and induced lung adenomas was shown. The experimental data testify to the prospects of using the studied extracts as food supplements to increase the body's resistance to the negative factors, as disease prevention and prophylaxis.

Objective: to assess the efficiency of the use of specialized mobile applications for self-controlled treatment of patients with chronic non-infectious diseases. Material and methods. We have studied the databases of PubMed, Embase, Springer in order to find the studies which evaluated the efficiency of mobile applications in the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic lung diseases. Subsequently, a systematic review and analysis of the data were performed. Results. All the analyzed studies contained information about the impact of the use of mobile applications on the control of disease-specific symptoms. Conclusion. The use of mobile applications as a part of the mobile healthcare system (mHealth) makes it possible to improve the clinical outcomes of the treatment in the patients with chronic diseases and to promote the quality of symptom control.

The article analyzes and generalizes the experience of the Department of the First MSMU I.M. Sechenov in the professional training of physicians in the specialty «Organization of public health service and public health». Educational and methodological materials, planning and report documents of the department over 2016-2017 were used in the work. The main directions of the activities in training of specialists at the department were career guidance of trainees, assistance to students in self-determination, professional education and quality holding of academic classes, maintenance of contacts with graduates of the residency, master and PhD programs. The complex approach to the work of the teaching staff of the Department of Public Health and Public Health Service named after N. A.Semashko creates conditions for professional training of prospective public health managers.

Objective: to study the state of the auditory analyser central regions in operators of automated bottling of non-alcoholic and low-alcoholic drinks working in the conditions of exposure to high-level industrial noise. Material and methods. The work gives the hygienic assessment of working conditions and related factors, and in-depth clinical examination of the auditory analyser condition in operators of automated bottling of non-alcoholic and low-alcoholic drinks. Results. It has been found that the leading harmful factor in the working environment of the bottling operators is industrial noise. The signs of the specific impact of the noise on the central regions of the auditory analyser manifested in the function infringement of its brainstem and cortical structures. Conclusion. The causal relationship between the conditions, nature of work and the changes in the central regions of auditory analyser in the bottling operators has been established, which makes it possible to improve the system of preventive medical examinations, labour examination and preventive measures.

Objective: to carry out the physiological and hygienic evaluation of the working conditions of operators producing chromium disilicide nanopowders by high-energetical mechanoactivation method and to develop the preventive recommendations. Material and methods. The object of research was the technological process of producing nanocrystalline chromium disilicide powder within a planetary ball mill. The hygienic assessment of the technological process, technological equipment and psycho-physiologic evaluation of the working environment of the operators were carried out using the generally accepted psychophysiological, hygienic, and chronometer methods of study. The concentration of nanoparticles in the working area was measured using the diffusion aerosol spectrometer DAS-2702 («Aeronanoteh», Russia), the nanopowder particle size was measured by the device Analysette 12 DynaSizer («Fritsch», Germany), the chemical composition of air samples was determined by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES) using the device «Ortima 2100 DV» («Perkin-Elmer», USA). Results. It was found out for the first time that the mechanical activation process was accompanied by emission of nano-sized chromium into the air of the working area, which had not been detected before the beginning of the work. The total concentration of nanoparticles in the main room was 1.6-1.9 times higher than that in the working area of the planetary ball mill and exceeded the test levels recommended for nanomaterials in European countries. Conclusion. The basic adverse factors in case of producing nanopowder of chromium disilicide by mechanoactivation method are presence of nanoparticles of metals in the workplace air and intensity of work. We have proposed hygienic recommendations which are aimed at improving the plant design for the high-energy mechanical activation in the direction of ensuring tightness, reduction of manual work operations, audible and visual signaling during the technological process.

Objective: to estimate the hazard of radiation safety to the population and the environment in the Republic of Belarus analyzing the information about discovered orphan sources of ionizing radiation over 2003-2015. Material and methods. The work describes the method of cluster analysis, which made it possible to systematize and analyze the operative information of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus about orphan sources of ionizing radiation in the territory of the country. Results. It has been found out that 55 % of all the episodes of local radiation pollution of the environment happened in the city of Minsk and Minsk region, out of them 61 % - at economic entities. We have performed the assessment of hazards of point and areal radiation pollution of the environment.

Crohn's disease is a chronic disease which is characterized by severe progressive course, worsens the quality of life, leads to disability at a young age, which requires the development of new methods of treatment and introduction of modern highly effective medicines into practical health care. This article describes a case when infliximab was applied for the first time in the treatment of a patient with Crohn's disease in the Children's Gastroenterology Department of Gomel Regional Specialized Clinical Hospital.

Objective: to assess the nature of morphological and sonographic changes in the iliac-lumbar ligament, posterior long sacroiliac ligament, and sacroiliac ligament in amyloidosis. Material of research . Sectional data of a subject with secondary amyloidosis. Results. We have revealed some dystrophic changes in the iliac-lumbar, posterior long sacroiliac ligament, and sacro-ligamentous ligaments, the severity of which was significantly higher than the average values characteristic of that age period. Conclusion. Secondary amyloidosis is a pathological state that significantly affects the severity of dystrophic changes in ligaments and, accordingly, the character of the sonographic pattern.

Lymphogranulomatosis (synonyms: Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease) is a malignant disease whose characteristic cytomorphological feature is the presence of giant multinucleate Reed-Sternberg (Wright) cells and Berezovsky cells (Kraevsky N.A., Golovin D.I.). These cells are diagnostic for microscopic examination of affected organs.

Objective: to assess the association of polymorphism of the markers of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in patients with liver cirrhosis with severe pathological process. Material and methods. The research material was DNA isolated from blood leukocytes of the patients. To identify SNP data, the PCR method was chosen with subsequent restriction analysis and electrophoretic detection by horizontal gel electrophoresis and amplification with visualization of the obtained results. Results. The performed molecular and genetic analysis of IL-4 and TNF-α gene polymorphisms made it possible to assume a relation between the frequency of polymorphic genotypes and alleles of the investigated genes and the severity of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, which can be used to diagnose and predict the severe course of the disease.