Features of the circulation of non-poliomyelitis enteroviruses in the Republic of Belarus in 2023–2024

Objective. To analyse the results of monitoring studies aimed at studying the features of non-poliomyelitis enteroviruses (NPEV) circulation in the Republic of Belarus in 2023-2024, with the presentation of data on their registration frequency among the population and in human habitats, spectrum, typical structure, regional prevalence in time and space.

Materials and methods. Over the observation period, 10 180 sanitary and virological studies (water samples of various types of use, food products, swabs from objects and objects of the human environment), and 50 726 diagnostic studies of biological material (blood serum samples, cerebrospinal fluid, nasopharyngeal swabs, feces) were conducted to identify markers of NPEV using methods of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cell culture and molecular genetic typing.

Results. It was found that in 2023-2024, the circulation of a wide range of NPEV was observed on the territory of the Republic of Belarus: Coxsackie A1, Coxsackie A5, Coxsackie A9, Coxsackie B2, Coxsackie B4, Coxsackie B5, ЕСНО 6, ЕСНО 9, ЕСНО 11, ЕСНО 30. In the standard structure of NPEV, the group of Coxsackie B viruses prevailed (66%) with the dominance of the serotype Coxsackie B5, which proportion in 2023 was 43%, and in 2024 increased to 85%. The main etiological agents of EVI registered in the Republic in 2024 were Coxsackie B5, ЕСНО 30 and Coxsackie B2 viruses, which were associated with a slight increase in morbidity.

Conclusion. Based on the patterns of the dynamics of the EVI epidemic process in Belarus and the current situation in the world, it can be assumed that the predicted incidence rate in 2025 will not change significantly compared to the last two years.

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