Role of neonatal screening in the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns
https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2024-21-4-17
Abstract
A current problem of medicine is the preservation of the health of every newborn, every child, and the entire child population. The issues of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of childhood diseases come to the fore, starting from the moment of conception, intrauterine development, and the newborn period.
Thyroid hormones (thyroid gland) largely determine the normal intrauterine and postnatal development of a child, affecting the formation, differentiation, development of organs and systems, especially the central nervous system. Timely diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an important social and medical problem worldwide. Introduction of population-based neonatal screening for CH has made it possible to avoid early irreversible brain damage, early mental retardation and to provide thousands of children with normal physical and mental development.
The article describes a clinical case of CH in a newborn with clinical symptoms of progressive multiorgan failure that required hospitalization in the intensive care unit, transfer to level 3 of respiratory support, and administration of cardiotonic drugs. The positive result of neonatal screening for CH (the result was obtained on the 17th day of life) allowed to make the correct diagnosis, prescribe hormone replacement therapy, thus controlling clinical symptoms and preventing irreversible brain changes, severe mental retardation, and disablement of the child.
Supporting agencies: The study was conducted without sponsorship.
About the Authors
A. I. Zaryankina
Gomel State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Alla I. Zaryankina, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics with a course of Advanced Training and Retraining
Gomel
L. S. Sergeychik
Gomel State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Lilia S. Sergeychik, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Pediatrics with a course of Advanced Training and Retraining
Gomel
E. A. Kozik
Gomel Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital
Belarus
Belarus
Elena A. Kozik, Neonatologist at the Pediatric Neonatal Department
Gomel
O. P. Tselekhovich
Gomel State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Olga P. Tselekhovich, Head of the Pediatric Department for Newborns
Gomel
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Review
For citations:
Zaryankina A.I., Sergeychik L.S., Kozik E.A., Tselekhovich O.P. Role of neonatal screening in the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns. Health and Ecology Issues. 2024;21(4):156-166. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2024-21-4-17
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