The liver has a high capacity to regenerate, which was already known in ancient Greece and exemplified in the Prometheus saga. Only over the past decades, studies of many scientists have covered the understanding of the molecular and cell biological mechanisms underlying liver regeneration. Such knowledge is of crucial importance for clinical medicine not only regarding liver physiology and pathology, but also for the use of stem cells for cell therapy and liver surgery. This article provides an overview of the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration, the roles of inflammation and angiogenesis in liver regeneration. Scientific advance and controversies will stimulate further research in this area.

The article presents the current status of etiopathogenesis of the basic pathologic processes leading to destruction of ossicular chain, in particular chronic purulent otitis media common among population.

Objective: to determine the key determinants of health status of the male population. Material. Publications containing information about the key factors influencing the men’s health. Methods. Analysis, processing and classification of the data. Results and discussion. The article determines and systematizes factors that may affect the health of the male population, assesses the degree of modifiability of these factors and the possibility of further practical application of the received information. Conclusion. Most of the factors detected in the article are modifiable. Their correction with the help of training, changes in laws or other evidence-based methods can improve the health of the male population.

Objective: to study acquired and congenital (protein C level) risk factors for development of postoperative venous thrombosis in patients having phlebothrombosis in their past history. Material and methods. The subject of the study was patients (n = 32) with surgical pathology having episodes of pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs in their anamnesis. Congenital and acquired risk factors for venous thrombosis were analyzed in all the patients. We studied the following acquired risk factors: the patients′ age, obesity, varicosity of legs, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung diseases, cancer, smoking, previous trauma and surgery, long-term immobilization and also estro- and gestagenic contraceptives in women. The level of protein C was studied as an inherited factor causing phlebothrombosis. We also included some additional criteria such as early heart failure and stroke (under 45), complications of pregnancy, central vein catheterization, liver diseases, atherosclerosis of cardiac vessels and lower limbs, arterial hypertension into the list of the important risk factors. Results. The most frequent acquired risk factors were arterial hypertension (75 % of the cases), varicose veins (63 %), obesity (56 %), atherosclerosis (44 %), and diabetes mellitus (38 %). Chronic lung and liver diseases, fractures of shin bones, smoking, early infarction and strokes, complications of pregnancy, cancer were detected in the patients less often (6-31 % of the cases). Two thirds of the patients having cases of venous thrombosis revealed the deficient level of natural anticoagulant - protein C: 44 (39; 48) %. Conclusion . The detection of the acquired risk factors and especially the determination of the protein C level in blood serum in patients preparing for surgery is sufficient to be used as screening tests to assess the risk for the development of venous thrombosis.

The aim of the study was examination of school-age children salty taste oral sensation in association with resting blood pressure. In study 155 participants in age 10-17 years were included. Salt taste sensitivity to minimal concentrations (0.04-0.08 % of NaCl) was registered in 114 children (73.5 %). The group of children with low sensitivity consisted of 41 persons. In some children was registered deviation in taste (disgeusia). Difference between males and females in salt sensitivities level was not established. The association between level of systolic blood pressure and the salt taste sensitivities was shown in regression model with inclusion of some anthropometric data and salt sensitivity.

Objective: to determine the efficiency of the treatment for glaucoma and its accompanying costs in patients with II-III stages of open-angle glaucoma. Material and methods. The multicenter study which was conducted by 35 investigators in 29 clinical centers in 4 CIS countries from December 2013 to April 2014 took into account the results of the treatment of 115 patients (187 eyes) with glaucoma. The cost and «cost-effectiveness» of the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering treatment were calculated with the account of IOP-level compensation. Results. The average cost-effectiveness was 13.94 ± 0.66 rubles/day, which was comparable to the theoretical cost of the treatment but 32 % exceeded the price that patients actually paid for the treatment. As for the monotherapy with prostaglandin preparations and the fixed combination of beta-adrenoblocker and prostaglandin analogue (BB + PG), the difference between the actual price and cost-effectiveness was 44 %. At the same time, this difference in the application of the fixed combination of beta-adrenoblocker and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (BB + CAI) made up 64 %. Conclusion. It is cheaper to achieve a controlled IOP level in the application of the fixed combination BB + PG compared to the BB + CAI fixed combination treatment.

Extragenital diseases in pregnant women present a serious issue both for therapists and gynecologists. The part of a therapist in treatment of pregnant women has become essential. To study carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy, we examined 143 pregnant women with signs of metabolic syndrome (МS). The prevalence and significance of obesity and MS female patients of the reproductive age make it necessary to continue detailed and thorough studies on the pathogenetic mechanisms of its development aimed at the decrease of the cardiovascular risk in future.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in the world. Stenosing processes in the branches of the aortic arch associated with atherosclerosis are one of the basic causes of the pathology because in 50 % cases they lead to ischemic lesions of the cerebrum. The surgery of the pathology of the carotid artery lesions (carotid endarterectomy) has proved to be a safe method of prevention and correction of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency related to atherosclerosis. At present, the techniques are well developed. However, the recurrent lesions of the area of the surgery appear in 0.9 - 36 % regardless of the types of the surgery and patch material. This fact proves the necessity of further investigation and seeking of other methods of surgical correction and alternative patch. The work studies the results of the application of the femoral vein as patch material for carotid endarterectomy. We performed the comparative analysis of the application of the most common plastic materials (GSV and PTFE) used for plastic surgery of brachiocephalic arteries in carotid endarterectomy.

Objective: to give morphological evaluation of the biologic effect of new antibacterial sutural material made of polyglycolic acid on tissues and organs. Material and methods: The surface of surgical sutures is modified by the method of direct radiation inoculation of acrylic acid and immobilization of the antibiotics Levofloxacin on it. The sutural material was implanted into the liver, intestine, uterus and anterior abdominal wall of outbred female white rats. The inflammation and tissue reaction was assessed according to the all Union State Standard (AUSS) R ISO 10993 «Medical product. Evaluation of biologic effect of medical products». Results. Using this new antibacterial sutural material reduces the number of infectious complications in post-operative period, tissue reaction to the implantation of modified sutural material is characterized by fewer inflammatory changes, absence of vulnerary infection, fewer fibrous changes in later post-implantation period, which suggests healing of such wounds by primary tension. Conclusion. The new sutural material with the antibacterial effect may be used in surgery while performing operative intervention to prevent any infections of operative intervention areas.

We conducted a comprehensive study and received data characterizing the state and functional readiness of the foot of schoolchildren in terms of its arch flatness in various load modes: with no load, the load of 50 and 100 % of body weight. The study revealed the weakened ligament-muscular apparatus of the foot in the adolescents with the pathology of the musculoskeletal system, i.e. dysplastic scoliosis of degree I (70 S) in all the modes. 25 % of the examined schoolchildren with faults in posture with the arch of the foot in the anatomical state without any load made the so-called «risk group» with individual signs of the state «before flattened foot», i.e., close to the qualitative assessment «flat foot». When the load of the body weight on the foot was 50 %, the flatness index increased up to 85.7 % in girls, 87.5 % in boys with dorsopathy and 10.4-59 % in the school children with the correct posture. The subsequent 100 % increase in the load on the foot was characterized by static deformation of the foot arch in all the examined people, 25 % were diagnosed with «flat foot».

He article provides recommendations for fitness eligibility of children and teenagers to sport activities and supervising of young athletes with cardiovascular deviations. The recommendations were developed on the basis of our own research results and modern literature data.

Acute poisoning plays an important role among childhood pathologies. It takes the third place among all accidents and is outnumbered only by street traumas and burns. All cases of both child and adult poisonings are divided into unintentional and intentional. The latter can have both criminal and suicidal character. The risk age group among the patients with intentional poisonings includes teenagers at the age 14-15.

We studied the physical properties of eight polyamide surgical threads and used surgical suture ligatures of the metric size 3 with the agreed number 2/0 of different firms: twisted and braided, uncoated and coated threads. The received results are indicative of the qualitative superiority of braided covered polyamide threads.

Aim: to study the dynamics of the liver morphology in CCl₄-induced cirrhosis under the influence of photodynamic therapy. Materials and methods. CCl₄ cirrhosis of the liver was induced in the experiment on the rats. Photodynamic therapy of the liver with Photolon was used to test the groups of the laboratory animals. Morphological examination of the liver tissue was performed. Results. The study detected reduction of the connective tissue under the influence of the proposed method of photodynamic therapy. Conclusion. Further studies of the effects of photodynamic therapy are promising in clinical conditions in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

The work presents a systemic study of the duodenum components in white rats affected by incorporated radionuclides. It revealed the organ correlative structure dynamics in the changing number, strength and direction of the intercorrelations among the signs in the biosystem. The stress condition of the organ in the initial period is characterized by the functional disorganization of the system intercorrelations. Development of the compensatory mechanism is associated with an increase in the number of intercorrelations and re-establshment of the integration index.

Objective: to study the protective properties of the aqueous extract of Chinese oak silkworm pupae in the conditions of toxic effect of copper ions on the cytogenetic activity in meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. Material and methods. The effect of the tested solutions were assessed by means of ana-telophase method for accounting chromosome aberrations in cells of root meristems by mitotic index, metaphase-prophase index, the pathology of mitosis, its composition and spectrum. Results. The study revealed that the application of the aqueous extract of Chinese oak silkworm pupae in the effect of the supralethal concentration of copper ions effectively inhibits pathological processes in cells. Conclusion. The protective properties of the active components of the aqueous extract of oak Chinese silkworm pupae against severe cytogenetic damages caused by the copper are expressed in the reduced number of pyknotic cells in the interphase.

Objective: to determine the level of nosologic forms of hypertension disease (HD) in the population resettled from the Chernobyl exclusion zone to show its dependence on age, sex and the period of time the people lived in the zone before the resettlement. Material and methods. The data on the age of the cohort at the time of the accident were studied over 1988-2010 (30779 people at the age 18-39, 24343 people at the age 40-60). The research included epidemiological and statistical methods. Results. The post-accident period is characterized by the increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The people whose age at the time of the accident was 18-39 detected the highest morbidity rate 17-22 years after the accident, and the people aged 40-60 at the time of the accident detected a high morbidity rate for the first time 6 years later and the maximum rate was 12-17 years later. The HD morbidity rate in the people whose age was 18-39 with the exception of the first period after the disaster was slightly higher than in the people from the older age group. During the first two accident periods, the patients diagnosed with essential HD were prevalent, which can be explained by the impact of stress and social and economic factors. Beginning from the third period, the morbidity of HD, mainly affecting the heart, has become more substantial and remained its high rate.

The article presents the results of the age and gender dynamics of external respiration in children and adolescents of the city of Gomel at the age 7-17. The work reveals periods of acceleration and deceleration of the growth rate in the lung vital capacity and peak expiratory rate. The paper presents the centile tables evaluating the schoolchildren`s external respiration. The comparison of the growth rates of external respiration in representatives of different somatotypes made it possible to fix the earlier maximum increases in lung vital capacity and peak expiratory rate in the meso- and hypersomnia boys and girls.

Objective: to detect asthenia, weariness and sleep disorders in pediatricians. Material and methods. Cross-sectional study of 44 pediatricians with the use of a package of psychometric tools (scale for assessing weariness SB-2003, Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (PIRS), subjective rating scale of asthenia MFI-20). Results. 42 (95 %) of the respondents from the study group revealed moderate or severe emotional weariness. Only 5 (11 %) of the respondents did not reveal any signs of asthenic symptomatic complex. All the respondents in the survey had this or that form of a sleep disorder. Conclusion. The job of a pediatrician involves high-level professional emotional stress, which affects the quality of life, determines the psychological status and, later, somatic well-being, indirectly influencing the satisfaction of consumers of medical services. Asthenic symptoms, sleep disorders and emotional weariness, which are common among doctors of this specialty, may be indicative of circadian rhythm disorders associated with professional desynchronosis. The use of tranquillizers and sleeping pills, consumption of alcohol or other psychoactive substances in order to correct sleep disorders show a decrease or a failure in the adaptation potential of pediatricians under the impact of extreme loads and professionally deterministic disturbances of biological rhythms, inefficient psychological protection.

Objective: to assess the degree of development of morphological and functional indicators of city schoolchildren. Material and methods. The study involved schoolchildren aged 10, 12, 13, by 100 people in each age category. During the study we carried out qualitative and quantitative measurements of height, weight, chest excursion, head circumference, carpal dynamometry and spirometry using the Erismann and Pine index. Results. It was revealed that the majority of city girls and boys had deviations from the standard values in terms of the Erismann and Pine index. Conclusion. The studies have shown that the majority of schoolchildren have abnormalities in somatometric and physiometric indicators. The reasons for that may be unfavorable ecological situation in Gomel, poor diet, not enough active lifestyle, and genetic predisposition to a certain type of body type.

The work presents a case of the rare genetic disorder - Gaucher disease - associated with chronic hepatitis C, and describes its pathogenesis, classification, variants of the clinical course and the diagnostic algorithm.

The article presents a method for producing three-dimensional photo illustrations of the relief of mucous membranes of any hollow organs, and describes the device for its implementation and provides detailed instructions for its application. The article shows the advantages of the developed method if compared to the existing method of macroscopic studies and indicates areas of its possible application.