The aim of the study: to carry out the analytical literature review on the study of stem cells role in liver regeneration and prospects of cell transplantation in patients with liver impairment. Materials and methods: medical publications of modern foreign and national authors, Internet resources PubMed. Results: consideration of pathogenetic basis of liver regeneration and achievement of liver impairment management with stem cells in animals with induced liver disease and in clinical trials as well as future prospects. Conclusion: liver cirrhosis and liver impairment remain one of the main causes of death in patients around the world. The most effective treatment for severe liver disease is its transplantation. However, the deficiency of donor organs and high risk of the transplant rejection are the main problems of liver transplantation. An alternative method of liver transplantation is the repopulation of liver with stem cells and isolated hepatocytes. But there are still unresolved problems of cell transplantation, which require further research.

Research objective: to study the role of metabolism fermental systems in biotransformation of various medicines, to define the value of pharmagenetics in the development of personalized medicine. Material of research: the publications containing information about functioning of metabolism fermental systems, medicines participating in the biotrasformation of medical preparations. Conclusion. The role of CYP450 enzyme in the biotransformation of various medicines was studied. The value of pharmagenetics was considered to optimize and individualize the medicine prescription mode to achieve their maximum therapeutic and safest effect.

Objective: to systematize the present-day conceptions of the effect of hemodynamic factors at level of the whole organism and cerebral blood flow on the onset and development of primary open-angle glaucoma. Key points: 1. General disorders of vascular blood flow cause local changes in eye hemodynamics with the subsequent development of degenerative processes in eye tissues, including the drainage unit and optic nerve. 2. The common risk factors contributing to the development of glaucoma, include violation of systemic blood flow, i.e. arterial hypotension, hypertension, vasospasm, hemodynamic crises, hemorheology disturbances, etc. 3. The structural parts of the eye are sensitive to the parameters of cerebral blood flow. The risk factors for glaucoma development are the lack of cerebral circulation (both arterial and venous circulatory distress), stenotic and atherosclerotic lesions of carotid, ophthalmic, ciliary arteries). 4. The POAG patients reveal the arterial vascular disorders specific to carotid and vertebral abnormalities. Conclusion. Not only local factors, but also the violations of general and cerebral hemodynamics influence the development of glaucoma.

The treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM 2), aimed to achieve firm compensation of the disease on the indicators of fasten, postprandial and night glycemia, as well as glycohemoglobin (HbА1С) must include the participation of the physician and, first of all, the patients themselves. The most important principle of DM 2 etiotropic treatment is a changed lifestyle that includes dietotherapy and physical activity mode. They are prescribed to all DM 2patients without exception since the moment of diagnosis and until the end of active life in any scheme of medical DM 2 treatment, but requires a lot of patients` effort. The DM 2 treatment is concentrated on patogenetical section: to overcome insulin resistance and stimulate endogen insulin secretions, but in case of its exhaustion, substitutive insulin therapy is used. All antidiabetic medicines are divided into three main groups: insulin sensitisers used for insulin resistance; secretagogue which stimulate insulin secretion and insulines.

Vascular dementia is the second most prevalent form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease and is characterized by the deficit of cognitive functions of cerebrovascular origin. At present, there are still opposing views about terminology, classification and diagnostic criteria, methods of treatment for vascular dementia. The aim of the preventive measures is to reduce vascular dementia prevalence by cerebrovascular disease effect on risk factors (primary prophylaxis), or treating patients after stroke (secondary prevention). The basic management of vascular dementia patients is based on the prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors.

The article presents main conceptions about the topical problem of the last decade, i.e. fungal or fungal-bacterial sinusitis. The contemporary data on etiology, pathogenesis features, clinical course, classification, approaches to diagnosis and treatment for fungal sinusitis have been given.

The article illustrates present-day notions about some pathophysiological aspects of the adaptive and pathological changes of endothelial functions in stress-reactions. It also describes the relations of endothelial dysfunction with stress and von Willebrand factor concentration in vascular pathology.

Purpose: to define the most convenient for use at ultrasaund of lumbar spin anatomo-topographical reference points, and also to allocate variants of the anatomic structure, potentially capable to affect for efficiency ultrasaund examinations of structures of posterior ligamentous complex. Materials and methods: the publications containing the information on alternative anatomy of lumbar spin, found out in English-speaking resources PubMed, and also Russian-speaking editions are analysed Results. The most convenient are defined for ultrasaund examinations of lumbar spinanatomo-topographical reference points, potentially capable to affect variants of the anatomic structure are allocated for efficiency ultrasaund examinations of a posterior ligamentous complex. Conclusion. Completion methodically ultrasaund researches of frames of back stabilising complex taking into account the expressed topografo-anatomic variability of lumbar department of a column is required.

Lithosphere, soils are a constituent part of biosphere, which enclose atmosphere, hydrosphere and by the food chain round off the cycle of matter in nature in all organisms including man. The topicality of the problem is emphasized by the interrelation of population health condition and biogeochemical natural and anthropogenic provinces, quality of agricultural productions and water. The prenosological hygienic diagnostics is important at the stage of knowledge about physicochemical and biological properties of lithosphere, soils and water in the conduction of primary prophylactic measures against ecologic associated and endemic diseases

Purpose: to study clinical and laboratory features of HIV infection in children in Gomel region. Materials and methods. We have analyzed the data obtained from 50 medical histories of children (younger than 14) examined according to the protocols in the Regional Consultative HIV / AIDS Department in Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using statistical software «Statistica», 6.0. Results. DNA of the Epstein-Barr virus was the most prevalent in the surveyed children (28 %). Candida fungi were detected in 26 % cases (in material swabs from oropharyngeal mucosa in diagnostically important values - 10⁴ CFU/ml and above). 7 (14 %) children detected opportunistic pathogenic cultures in their feces samples, 43 % of which had Candida species in diagnostically significant quantities. CMV DNA was detected in 4 % cases with equal prevalence in the age group of children under one, and in the group from one to three. The children had HIV of the clinical categories B and C. Generalized lymphadenopathy was the most frequent clinical manifestation of congenital HIV infection in the examined children (100 %). Candidiasis was observed in 68 % children. Skin lesions in the form of non-specific dermatitis were found in 14 % children. 2 % of the skin infection cases were caused by Varicella-Zoster virus. Recurrent infections of upper respiratory tract had occurred in 24 % cases, 32 % of the patients had suffered with pneumonia. Pneumocystis pneumonia, one of the most dangerous opportunistic infections, was observed in 26 % of the children. 26 % of the surveyed children detected psychomotor and physical developmental lag. Three children observed progressive encephalopathy. Conclusions. The most common signs of congenital HIV infection in children were generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and recurrent respiratory infections, which were the earliest HIV manifestations. The lesion of the respiratory tract in the form of pneumonia was more common for the B clinical stage. Mental and physical developmental lag, as well as encephalopathy was more prevalent in the C clinical stage. The most common laboratory markers of opportunistic infections (EBV DNA, CMV DNA, IgG against Toxo, IgG against HSV) were detected in the children of the third immunological category. DNA Epstein-Barr virus was the most frequent (28 %) in the laboratory examination.

Objective: to assess the prevalence of associated benign pathology of thyroid and mammary glands in women with unsuppressed menstrual cycle. Materials and methods: 265 women with unsuppressed menstrual cycle (MC) were examined by the sample method. The examination of the women included ultrasonography of thyroid and mammary glands with the detector-frequency of 7.5 MHz. The thyroid status and clinicolaboratory indicators of the reproductive system were estimated. Results. The prevalence of the associated pathology of thyroid and mammary glands increases with age, which is significantly higher in 45 year or older women group compared to the 18-35 year group (χ² = 10,17; р = 0,001). The progesterone, prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly different in the groups. Conclusion. The received results indicate that the thyroid pathology can be considered as a risk factor for mastopathy development, which requires further studies to be conducted.

Introduction. The objective thickness measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is now possible with scanning laser polarimetry (GDx VCC). The TSNIT (temporal-superior-nasal-inferior-temporal) parameters are: TSNIT Average, Superior Average, Inferior Average, TSNIT Standard Deviation, Inter-eye-Symmetry and nerve fiber indicator (NFI). TSNIT Standard Deviation captures the modulation (peak to trough difference) of the double-hump pattern. A normal eye will have high modulation in the double-hump RNFL pattern, while a glaucoma eye will typically have low modulation in the double-hump pattern. As a result, high modulation will have a high TSNIT Standard Deviation value while low modulation will have low TSNIT Standard Deviation value. Objective. Our research aim was to evaluate and to compare the TSNIT Average and TSNIT Standard Deviation in glaucomatous patients with myopiс refraction and patients with myopia. Materials and methods. We examined two matched patient groups: basic - myopic patients with open-angle glaucoma 79 subjects (112 eyes) and control group 21 patients with myopia (39 eyes). All patients underwent imaging with the scanning laser polarimeter with variable corneal compensation GDx VCC. GDx parameters were TSNIT Average and TSNIT Standard Deviation. The Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was applies for comparing groups and assessing the correlation. P values of P < 0,05 were considered. Conclusion. We discover the statistically significant reduce of TSNIT Standard Deviation depending on the increase of myopia degree (P = 0,01) and the reducement of this measure depending on the stage of open-angle glaucoma but it was not significant (Р = 0,1). Our study determined the higher values of TSNIT Standard Deviation in myopia relative to the open-angle glaucoma patients with myopia. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0,05) in most cases except the comparison between myopic patients with open-angle glaucoma in stages I and II and high myopes (Р > 0,05). The study demonstrated also a significant negative correlation of myopia grade and TSNIT Standard Deviation (rs = -0,3; P = 0,002) and a significant inverse correlation between the open-angle glaucoma stage and TSNIT Standard Deviation (rs = - 0,3; P = 0,03).

Objective to develop a risk scale for development of intrauterine infections and algorithm to decrease perynatal infectious complications. Materials and methods. 51 puerperants (randomised research) were examined according to clinical reports. The factors of perynatal risk were evaluated in points. The levels of lactoferrin, a-IF and γ-IF IL-1β, RA-IL-1β (tests-systems «Vector-Best», Novosibirsk) were determined by ELISA method in the peripheral blood whey of the pregnant women. For the statistical analysis the methods of A.Vald, A. A.Genkin's and Coulbach formula were used. Results. The scale aimed at the forecast of perynatal infections realization and algorithm for its prevention was developed. Conclusion. The application of the forecast algorithm for perynatal infection realization and the early beginning of complex actions will improve the outcomes for a mother and the fetus.

Objective: to study the features of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, combined with the co-infections of the urogenital tract in HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women. Material and methods. The object of the study was 144 pregnant women examined for the presence of HPV DNA and herpes viruses in cervical scrapes. The screening for chlamydial infection was conducted by ELISA method, the culture method was used to detect genital ureaplasma infection, the diagnosis of genital candidiasis was carried out by microscopy. Results. The features of HPV infection were studied in the combination with urogenital chlamydiosis, ureaplasmosis, candidiasis, herpes infection in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women. Conclusion. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the most prevalent concomitant genital infection in the HPV-positive pregnant women (37,5 ± 4,9 % of cases). The HIV-positive pregnant women have concomitant genital infections (79,1 ± 6,2 %) oftener then the HIV-negative pregnant women (56,4 ± 4,9 %). The HPV-infected pregnant women with no markers of chlamydial infection and genital candidiasis reveal cervical dysplasia in combination with genital papillomatosis less often (7,5 ± 4,2 and 4,7 ± 3,2 %, respectively). Thus, there is a reverse tendency in case of U. urealyticum infection, as 43,8 ± 12,8 % of the pregnant women with ureaplasma injection observe cervical dysplasia with genital pappilomas.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of local therapy of gonarthrosis with blood autoserum in terms of the patient`s life quality and pain syndrome dynamics. The roentgenograms and the questionnaire data of 22 patients with gonarthrosis I-IV before and after treatment were analyzed by SF-36 questionnaire, Lequen index, Likert and visual analog scales. The patients after the treatment revealed a statistically significant increase in the physical functioning rate, lower pain syndrome according to Lequen index, Likert and visual analogue scale. The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of medical technology of blood autoserum intraarticular injection in the patients with gonathrosis of I-III stages.

Discogenic lumbar radiculopathy is a common pathology in population. To perform operations, surgeons must know the size of the anatomical structures. The lumbar vertebral structures at disk hernia level were measured. The received data about the size of vertebra body and intervertebral disks make it possible to plan neurosurgical operations more precisely.

Subject: to estimate personal, situational anxiety, signs of depression and vegetative frustration in national servicemen. Materials and methods. Psychometric anxiety and depression data of 125 national servicemen in a military unit of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus with use of the Hanin-Spielberg test, questionnaires to define vegetative frustration signs, Beca scale (BDI). Results and the conclusion. As a result of the research it was revealed, that 77 (61,6 %) military men had overestimated indices by the used psychometric scales and such conditions could influence the development of depressions, vegetative frustration disorders, which demanded carrying out of psychocorrectional activities.

Objective: to estimate the value of tredmill-test and cardiointervalography in «disputable» questions of allowing children to go in for sports. Materials and methods. 57 young athletes were hospitalized into the Cardiological Department of the Gomel Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, so that the specialists could decide the «disputable» questions of allowing them to go in for sports. To make a decision, the following tests were carried out: studying of complaints and life anamnesis, performing of functional-diagnostic methods of research of cardiovascular system (EKG, Holter monitoring, daily monitoring of blood pressure, echocardiography, cardiointervalography, tredmill-test). Results. As a result of the research, the young athletes showed age features of vascular reactions and arrhytmya in the exercise test, as well as prognostically dangerous features of rhythm vegetative regulation. The conclusion. When there are «disputable» questions of allowing young sportsmen to go on playing sports, it is necessary to use exercise tests (tredmill-test) and cardiointervalography. It is necessary to include echocardiography in the obligatory examination of the young sportsmen going in for intensive kinds of sports. Children with initial simpatiko- and hypersympatikotonia and аsympaticus vegetative reactance are likely to develop adverse sports consequences.

The changes arising in superfluous or insufficient maintenance of thyroid hormones in an organism are known to cause changes of the functional condition of cardiovascular system. The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a modern method to assess the functional condition of cardiac activity and the way how vegetative nervous system influences it at various levels of thyroid hormones. The purpose of this work is to study the features of vegetative regulation of cardiac activity in patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) before thyroectomy. 102 patients with DTG aged from 18 till 55 (average age 43,3 ± 8,2) were examined before the performance of thyroectomy. The examined patients were divided into 3 groups according to the initial thyroid status (hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, hypothyroidism), the HRV indicators were assessed with analysis of temporary and frequency indicators. Thus, it was established that the DTG patients observed an increase in the average frequency of heart reductions and number of sinus tachycardia episodes regardless of the thyroid status. The DTG patients at a hyperthyroid state before the performance of thyroectomy had a significant decrease in the indicators characterizing the general HRV that pointed to a shift of vegetative balance towards the prevalence of sympathetic section, while there was tension of parasympathetic section. The patients with euthyroid or hyperthyroid condition before the performance of thyroectomy revealed the tension of sympathetic part without any significant changes from parasympathetic part in comparison with healthy people.

Objectives: To estimate dynamics of psychoemotional state and life quality in patients with severe form of recurrent herpetic infection (RHI) in psychotherapeutic treatment. Material and methods. A total of 65 patients with severe RHI were examined. The complex survey included questionnaires and psychometric research. Software «Statistica» 6.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results. It was established that psychotherapy led to a lower frequency rate of aggravations, reduced duration of eruptions which became rare, the level of satisfaction with sexual relations increased. The adaptive types of attitude to the disease became more prevalent, GSI level and intensiveness of psychic distress (PSDI) decreased (р < 0,05), as well as the range of psychosomatic symptomatology (PST). Conclusion. The complex treatment with use of psychotherapy contributes to decreasing of RHI clinical implications and psychopathological semiology, which significantly raises quality of life of a dermatological patient.

The review covers and analyzes the most common experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis, i.e. adjuvant-induced, collagen-induced and pristane-induced forms.

This article presents the results of medical and anthropological study of the bone remains found in the three burial mounds of Mokhov, provided by the Department of Eastern Slavs History of Gomel State University named after F. Skorina. The aim of this work was to compare the data on the fossils obtained by archaeological and medical and anthropological methods, and to assess the accuracy of the information received by each of the methods. The comparison of the research results showed that the medical anthropological study by single parameter gave more accurate results.

The article covers the results of the research of elemental hair structure in 112 children and adolescents with reflux-esophagitis aged from 12 to 18. Among essential bioelements, low level of selenium and high level of chronium were determined in 60,7 and 76,4 % cases, respectively. High concentration of such toxic metals as lead and cadmium was registered in 26,6 and 11,5 % patients respectively; level of mercury and bismuth was normal. The girls had high levels of calcium, potassium and copper oftener than the boys. The frequency rate of abnormal high lead level increased with age: from 12,5 % children at age of 12-14 to 32,5 % in adolescents at age of 15-18 (р = 0,035).

We have studied the mechanisms of developing mandible anomalies induced by cyclophosphan. The material of the research was 18- and 20-days’ fetuses of outbred white rats given cyclophosphan in the dosage of 20 mg/kg on the twelfth day of embryogenesis. While studying the clarified specimens and series of histological sections it was revealed that a single introduction of cyclophosphan into pregnant rats caused hypoplasia of body and mandible ramus. The reparative regeneration, which became apparent in the enhancement of chondro- and osteogenesis, did not provide complete structural restoration of the bone as an organ. The formed appendices were not fully developed, which resulted later in the retardation of temporomandibular joint formation and impairment of the balanced development of teeth-gum system.

The paper presents the results of experimental studies in laboratory animals with a simulated infected wound. Their treatment included the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue. It was established that the application of MSCs was accompanied by the regeneration features of skin defects, i.e. the inflammation was cut short faster, the wound healing processes accelerated, as well as the stimulation of growth of skin appendages was observed. The received results may be used as a basis for further research and development aimed at the introduction of cellular technologies for the treatment of wound defects of various etiology into clinical practice.

Materials and method. The study involved 1278 children aged from 10 to 18. The behavioral risk factors for the schoolchildren lifestyle and their rate were studied by the method of questioning. The statistical processing of the material was carried out using the software packages SPSS-13, SPSS-16 with comparative evaluation of the distributions according to the row of registration signs. Results. As a result of the research, it has been determined that 1.3 % of children of third and fourth forms smoke. The number of the average school-age children who tried smoking increases in 14 times with age (from 2,4 to 33,3 %; χ² = 55,075, p < 0,001). In high school, 37,6 % schoolchildren smoke. The main reasons for smoking are «severe stress», «interest, curiosity» and «example and influence of friends». 24,5 % of primary school children tried alcohol. In the average school age the proportion of the children who tried alcohol increased twice (from 36,9 to 68,1 %; χ² = 54,455 p < 0,001). And the girls were more likely to try alcohol than boys (55,1 and 45,7 %, respectively, χ² = 3,746 p < 0,05). According to the questioning data, primary and middle school-age children first try alcohol when they are five, and high school-age children at age of seven. 1,6 % of high school-age children use energy drinks and beer, 0,2 % of the children drink wine, 0,5 % of teenagers drink ardent spirits daily. 8 % of the children drink beer and energy drinks, 1,2 %, drink wine, 2,1 % of the schoolchildren ardent spirits several times a week. 17,6 % of senior schoolchildren tried drugs and toxic substances. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the necessity for the school psychologists and social workers to reconsider their methods of the early detection of children with challenging behavior and dysfunctional families for early intervention at school and family levels. At the same time, the received data indicate the need for systematic implementation of educational work among children and adolescents and their families to promote healthy lifestyles and habits of confrontation against psychoactive substance use starting from primary school age with the assessment of the effectiveness of the actions.

Objective: to study the effect of sulfur dioxide on haemopoetic system of Аf line white mice. Material and methods. The object of the study is Af white mice (2,5-3 months) with mass of 22-28 g. The inhalation of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) was conducted on the facility UIN-2M for 2 hours with the concentration of gas in the chamber S_SO2 of 5 mg/m³. The morphometric parameters of erythron system were studied in the Af mice after the 2-hour SO₂ inhalation. The methods of the study included hematologic, biochemical, immunological, and statistical. Results. Sulfur dioxide does not significantly affect liver and lungs mass. Spleen mass after SO₂ inhalation did not differ from the control one on day 7, and on day 14 it significantly reduced by 18 %. MetHb level to days 7-14 after the SO₂ inhalation on the mice was not significantly different from the control one (it had a tendency to increase by ~ 10 %). After the SO₂ effect on day 4 there were no NMGO changes, but on day 7 the reaction was significantly accelerated by the parameter t_1/2 by 20 %. By day 14 this trend persisted, in addition to reducing the lag phase, the acceleration of the reaction occurred at the expense of SMet/T increase, but without any significant differences. Conclusion. The carried out research showed that sulfur dioxide at the given concentration caused slight changes in hematopoietic system. The magnitude of the changes depended on the concentration and exposure time of the pollutant.

The article presents the comparative analysis of assessed accumulated doses in the population residing on the territories contaminated with Chernobyl radionuclides conducted by methods valid in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. The technique, used in Belarus, was modified on basis of WBC-measurements and TL-dosimetry. It was shown that there were essential differences in the assessment of internal radiation dose, conducted by Byelorussian and Russian methods. The comparison of the internal dose estimations, conducted according to the method used in Belarus and its modification, showed differences since 1993. The assessments of external doses that were conducted by Russian methods differed from the results of Byelorusian methods. In order to use the United Chernobyl Register data, the methods of the dose assessment have to be coordinated. Сравнение оценок дозы внутреннего облучения, проведенных по методике Беларуси, и ее модификации, показало различия, начиная с 1993 г. Оценки дозы внешнего облучения, которые проводились по методике РФ, также отличаются от результатов белорусских методик.