Along with a summary of clinical data on Chernobyl thyroid cancer, presented will be the scope of current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in children and adolescents with a focus on the discussion of how to further assist the long-term follow-up of the operated patients with thyroid cancer and to outline the approaches to the identification of the groups at high risk of the disease. Special attention should be paid to a high risk group of individuals who had been exposed to radioactive iodines after the Chernobyl accident and whose age is from 20 to 30 year-old in 2006.

This article represents the results of various radiation research conducted by different authors after the Chernobyl disaster. The analysis of the results for their correspondence to the process of the radioactive substance release in the 4^th block and its distribution in the air has been made. The article describes the realized radionuclide correlations between the environmental objects. The nuclear nature of the Chernobyl disaster resulted in the necessity to re-consider the contribution of short-lived iodine isotopes into the dose of internal thyroid irradiation determined by iodine-131 entering into the organism, for residents of areas located along the primary direction of the radioactive substance distribution.

Despite the absence of the evidence of the increased number of radiation-induced pathologies excluding thyroid cancer due to Chernobyl disaster, the issue of the epidemiological analysis has not been solved yet. The main directions for research recommended by WHO experts are thyroid cancer and benign illnesses of thyroid gland, malignant tumors of other localization, cardio-vascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cataracts, psychological and cognitive status in children, mental disorders.

The oncology situation in the Republic of Belarus over the past 35 years has been retrospectively analysed. The increase of the values of age standardized incidence rates is an undoubted evidence of its veritable growth. The similarity of the dynamic incidence curves for malignant tumors of various sites makes it possible to assume that some factors of the same type have an impact on their development. Distinct delineation of the time periods of drastic changes in cancer incidence enables to compare them with the changes occurring in the environment and to evaluate their possible correlations.

The results show that BRAF^T1799A mutation is a prevalent event in human thyroid microcarcinomas irrespectively of the genetic background of adult patients. Mutated BRAF might be involved in the control of tumors architecture and growth pattern but its presence does not correlate with manifestations of papillary microcarcinomas (PMC) aggressiveness. Whereas BRAF mutation comprise a common genetic alteration in conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and PMC, a number of differences in mutation-related associations between the two types of tumors rather supports the hypothesis that not all macroscopic PTCs may arise from papillary microcarcinoma.

It rats progeny of first generation in the age of 3 and 6 month wich parents were exposed to lonng low irradiation in Chernobyl zone testes weight indexes, amount of spermatogenous cells of all types and their total number in a suspension of testes tissue, content of DNA and RNA, activity of LDH and SDH in the testes tissue, contents of testosterone, T₃ and T₄ in blood serum and activity of deiodinase in tissue liver and kidneys were studies. The changes in morphofunctional state of testes and thyroid status of progeny rats received from the parents (males and females) were found.

Annual monitoring of state of health and pre-nosological laboratory diagnostics of main diseases resulting in temporal or complete disability and death of the Polesye State Radio-Ecological Reservation staff proves the use of additional pre-nosological diagnostics along with standard examination during routine medical examination. This will ensure prevention, early detection and, accordingly, appropriate treatment of the detected disease.

Cytogenetic analyses of breast cancer tissue slides from Gomel patients for on mutagenesis activity estimation was done. It was shown that tumor grade is correlated with the levels of mutagenesis in cancer tissue.

The quantitative and qualitative data about the dynamics of prenatal development of the central canal of the spinal cord of a white rat are in a norm and at a x-ray irradiation are received in the result of the research. The radial anomalies of the central canal of the spinal cord are established.

The transuranium isotopes contents in green part of meadow plants which growing on territory contaminated with radionuclides was showed. Our Data show the real danger of it’s entering in organism of the man by alimentary food chains. The transuranium isotopes contents in lives of meadow plants in 4-140 times higher than in stalks. More than that the level of^239+240Pu and²⁴¹Am contents in plants grow on whole period of vegetation.

In the last decade iodine supply of numerous Belarussian regions has significantly improved due to steady activities of its government and international organization (UNISEF/WHO). Reduction of iodine deficiency in the surveyed regions of Belarus was caused mainly by widespread use of iodine salt by the population and increased uptake of iodine-containing food.

The investigation of peculiarities of dermatoglyphic parameters for patients with autoimmune and oncological thyroid gland pathologies of a were done with the purpose to reveal specific phenotypic markers of genetic tention of the polygenic systems responsible for thyroid gland morphogenesis, and development of early diagnostics criteria of the these pathologies.

Peculiarities of estrogens and progesterone preceptor expression in breast cancer tissue are investigated. Reliable distinctions in preceptor expression levels in different patient age groups are shown. Variants of receptor tumor status reflect from one hand cancer biological potentialities and with another - uncertainty of the individual forecast for age group elder than 55 years that demands the further studying.

The references review the results of research made by foreign scientists in a problem of perinatal transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, methods of reducing the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child were observed.

The cancer of rectum makes from 4 up to 6 % under the attitude(relation) to all malignant lesions the person. In many countries growth of desease by a cancer of rectum is marked. In the review modern representations about pathological anatomy are submitted, morphogenesis and the forecast of the given tumour, prospects of studying tumor cells and stromal components of a cancer of rectum for specification of the prognosis of life of patients are shown.

The diagnostic signs of the lacunar stroke according TOAST criteria have been described. The principles of the reperfusion and neuroprotection in acute period of the disease are presented. The differential approach to the management of hypertension in lacunar stroke depending on the time of the stroke onset in accordance with the basic antihypertensive medications, available in the clinics of Republic of Belarus, has been worked out.

The assessments of immunological indices in patients with initial forms of cerebral circulation insufficiency (discirculatory encephalopathy I) (DE I) depending on genetic predisposition to vascular diseases in close relatives of the patients were characterized by high activity of T-B-immunity and imbalance between the reduced level of phagocytosis and increased compliment titre. Prevalence of hormonal immunity ove the cellular one in activity has been revealed in the patients with DE I having even one relative with a vascular abnormality. The depression of T-cell immunity, disimmunoglobulinemia (rise of Ig G) and the growth of Circulating Immune Complex (CIC) have been noted in the patients with DE-I, whose both parents suffered from a vascular abnormality or died due toil.

Different ways of therapeutic neoangiogenesis in case of chronical limb ischemia are reviewed. Basic results and pathways are in the article.

Polyneuropathy - a multiple affection of peripheral nerves of various ethiology with typical symmetrical movement disorder of extremities, sensitivity and vegetatics. The present paper generalizes references devoted to the investigation of diagnostic aspects of polyneuropathies in general, and those at rheumatoid arthritis in particular; issues of their treatmen are also highlighted.

The analysis of the remote results of surgical treatment of patients by a chronic pancreatitis after различенных variants панкреатодигестивных анастомозов in different terms of operation (from 3 till 12 years) is submitted by questioning. All patients from whom questionnaires with the answer (110 patients) have been received were divided(shared) into three groups - depending on indications to operative treatment. Completeness of scope by questioning оперированных patients has made 70,5%. It is established, that most the best results are received after дуоденоцистовирсунгостомии, a left-hand resection of a body and a tail of a pancreas, панкреатоеюностомии and цистодуоденостомии. The most unsatisfactory result is marked after external дренирования кисты a pancreas.

Results of preventive maintenance of early postoperative complications at 156 patients with the chronic pancreatitis who has transferred various operative interventions (duration of treatment in a hospital, number and weight of postoperative complications) are investigated. Efficiency of use овомина in the early postoperative period is established with the purpose of preventive maintenance of postoperative complications.

In article the review of the literature on a problem of ozonotherapy is submitted. A brief historical sketch, indications and methods of ozonotherapy in surgery are described. The new way of synthesis and application of ozone in purulent surgery is offered. Results of scientific researches are resulted; antibacterial action of ozone on microorganisms is shown.

Due to effective methods of treatment, life expectancy of patients with diabetes has considerably increased, therefore diabetic eyes affection is of special value. Diabetic retinopathy (DР) is one of the principal causes of sight deterioration and blindness among persons of able-bodied age in the developed countries. Electroretinography is a very sensitive method on retina functional status estimation allowing defining the most insignificant biochemical disorders which can precede initial clinical demonstration. Decrease in amplitude of о1-wave electroretinogram - oscillatory potentials testifies to disorder of biochemical reactions chain between pigmentary epithelium and photoreceptors at patients with diabetes.

On the material of 228 patients classification of complications at traumatic dislocation of crus has been suggested for the first time. It is based on the concept of primary and secondary complications and complete objectivity at primary complications as independent from medicine and arising in the moment of an injury, at pre-hospital stage. Reasons of secondary complications are partially objective and partially subjective circumstances which determine the development of complications during treatment or after it has been stopped. Clinical groups with complications of the injured knee-joint and outside it were selected.

The Effectiveness of a decompression of spinal canal for the traumatic stenosis of the lower cervical column. Kirilenko S. I. Gomel state medical university. The evaluation of a traumatic stenosis of the backboned canal is fulfilled at damages the lower cervical column after both conservative and operating methods of a decompression of the backboned canal. The offered criterion of a degree of a stenosis of the backboned canal allows to determine differentially tactics of treatment of dislocations, fractures and dislocation-fractures the lower cervical spondyles.

Benign prostate hyperplasia is a most general men’s disease which appear in old and elderly age. It results in both urination and copulative function disorders which negatively influences the patient’s health and his life quality. The methods of operative treatment available are often contradicted due to significant somatic pathology, and drugs are not always accessible for old people as most of the medication should be taken for a long time which demands the development and introduction of new methods of treatment. The present article describes a comparative assessment of life quality in patients after small-traumatic method of radio-frequency transurethral hyperthermia and surgical treatment of the benign prostate hyperplasia.

Various methods and techniques of judicial-chemical definition of ethylene-glycole and their productivity that will allow to use the most rational and effective waus jf detection of ethylene-glycole in practical work are analysed.