Development and justification of the optimal model of acute destructive pancreatitis in an experiment

Objective. To develop a new model of acute destructive pancreatitis (ADP) in rats, similar in terms of changes in the human pancreas, characterized by technical simplicity and viceless of known models of experimental ADP, lasting for a long time and allowing the evaluation of the data obtained in early and long-term periods, and suitable for testing new drugs.

Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 54 cyclic Wistar rats to simulate ADP by introducing a solution of the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate into the pancreatic tissue, after which hematological, biochemical and serological studies were performed. The obtained data were subjected to comparative statistical analysis. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 18 individuals, where group №1 was the control group, groups №2 and №3 were modeling ADP by introducing 10% and 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, respectively. Mortality rates, inflammatory markers, and end-organ laboratory changes were compared at 24, 96, and 192 hours. Statistical data processing was carried out using the program «Statistica 10».

Results. Control group №1 is characterized by the absence of mortality and minimal laboratory changes, which corresponds to the pancreas response to surgery. In group №2, mortality was 16.67% with statistically significant laboratory changes relative to group №1, which corresponds to moderate ADP. Group №3 has a high mortality rate (66.66%) and statistically significantly higher laboratory markers compared to groups №1 and №2. This group is characterized by severe ADP.

Conclusion. In rats of group №2 moderate ADP developed. This model can be recommended as a universal one for testing new drugs for the treatment of ADP. Hematological, biochemical, and serological tests allow assessing the severity of acute destructive pancreatitis in experiment on rats.

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