Microbiome-associated biomarkers of pneumonia in premature newborns

Objective. To establish the composition of microbiome and select target taxa of upper respiratory tract biomaterial in order to apply the results in the model of diagnosis of Congenital pneumonia (ICD – 10 P23), based on a microbiome-associated approach to providing medical care to premature newborns.

Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 154 premature newborns. The sampling was carried out in the first 5-15 minutes of life with a sterile probe swab. The composition of the upper respiratory tract microbiota in newborns was determined by the new generation sequencing method. Statistical data processing was carried out in the R programming environment (version4.3.1), the RStudio program (2023.09.1+494). The significance level is assumed to be 0.05.

Results. According to the sequencing results, the genera Brucella (≥5.8%), Achromobacter (≥3.1%), Ralstonia (≥0.3%), Stenotrophomonas (≥9.0%), Klebsiella (≥0.02%), Pseudomonas (≥1.5%) in children with chronic intrauterine hypoxia were proposed to be used in the model of diagnosis of “Congenital pneumonia” (ICD – 10 P23) as a part of microbiome-associated approach to providing medical care to premature newborns. A combination (Pseudomonas + Klebsiella) has been isolated molecularly and genetically, which is significantly predominant in the group of premature newborns with a verified diagnosis of Congenital pneumonia.

Conclusion. Development of a microbiome-associated approach to providing medical care to premature newborns with congenital pneumonia will reduce the time spent on diagnostic search, and allow conduct therapy that meets the principles of personalized medicine.

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