CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PECULIARITIES OF HIV INFECTION IN CHILDREN

Purpose: to study clinical and laboratory features of HIV infection in children in Gomel region. Materials and methods. We have analyzed the data obtained from 50 medical histories of children (younger than 14) examined according to the protocols in the Regional Consultative HIV / AIDS Department in Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using statistical software «Statistica», 6.0. Results. DNA of the Epstein-Barr virus was the most prevalent in the surveyed children (28 %). Candida fungi were detected in 26 % cases (in material swabs from oropharyngeal mucosa in diagnostically important values - 10⁴ CFU/ml and above). 7 (14 %) children detected opportunistic pathogenic cultures in their feces samples, 43 % of which had Candida species in diagnostically significant quantities. CMV DNA was detected in 4 % cases with equal prevalence in the age group of children under one, and in the group from one to three. The children had HIV of the clinical categories B and C. Generalized lymphadenopathy was the most frequent clinical manifestation of congenital HIV infection in the examined children (100 %). Candidiasis was observed in 68 % children. Skin lesions in the form of non-specific dermatitis were found in 14 % children. 2 % of the skin infection cases were caused by Varicella-Zoster virus. Recurrent infections of upper respiratory tract had occurred in 24 % cases, 32 % of the patients had suffered with pneumonia. Pneumocystis pneumonia, one of the most dangerous opportunistic infections, was observed in 26 % of the children. 26 % of the surveyed children detected psychomotor and physical developmental lag. Three children observed progressive encephalopathy. Conclusions. The most common signs of congenital HIV infection in children were generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and recurrent respiratory infections, which were the earliest HIV manifestations. The lesion of the respiratory tract in the form of pneumonia was more common for the B clinical stage. Mental and physical developmental lag, as well as encephalopathy was more prevalent in the C clinical stage. The most common laboratory markers of opportunistic infections (EBV DNA, CMV DNA, IgG against Toxo, IgG against HSV) were detected in the children of the third immunological category. DNA Epstein-Barr virus was the most frequent (28 %) in the laboratory examination.

ВИЧ-инфекция, дети, оппортунистические инфекции, пневмоцистная пневмония, энцефалопатия, HIV-infection, children, opportunistic infections, pneumocystis pneumonia, encephalopathy

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