Molecular Genetic Markers of Senescence: Current State of the Problem and Prospects for Development

According to the postulates in biology and medicine, an irreversible violation of any of the elements of a functional system inevitably leads to senescence and destruction of its entire integrity. At the same time, the phenotypic manifestation of the final stages of degradation is similar and due to the peculiarities of the structural and functional organization of living species. Based on this, the established list of symptoms describing age-related changes in the human body is currently applied in medical practice, which allows determining both the physiological status of patients and the development of necessary therapeutic measures. At the same time, the use of any universal approach to diagnose the occurrence and genesis of the processes of senescence is ineffective, which is associated with a wide range of factors and mechanisms causing this type of pathogenetic disorders. For this reason, for many decades, one of the main tasks of gerontology has been a comprehensive analysis of the process of senescence. The result of such large-scale studies was the emergence of a significant number of theories explaining the causes and mechanisms of aging. This review considers a number of theories of aging that have received extensive experimental confirmation and recognition in world practice: free-radical, telomeric, apoptotic, and genetic.

NUMT, molecular biology, cell senescence, mitochondria, NUMT, rDNA, miRNA, nDNA, molecular biology, cell senescence, mitochondria, NUMT, rDNA, miRNA, nDNA