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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы здоровья и экологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health and Ecology Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Gomel State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51523/2708-6011.2026-23-3-10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdor-3003</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА И БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>NS5A-мутации резистентности при ВГС-моноинфекции и коинфекции ВГС/ВИЧ после неэффективного лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NS5A resistance mutations in HCV monoinfection and HCV/HIV coinfection after ineffective therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4237-5893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коско</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasko</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коско Анастасия Дмитриевна, научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики ВИЧ и сопутствующих инфекций </p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya D. Kasko, Researcher at the Laboratory for HIV and Associated Infections Diagnostics</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hivlab@belriem.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-3045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасич</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasich</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гасич Елена Леонидовна, д.б.н., доцент, заведующий лаборатории диагностики ВИЧ и сопутствующих инфекций</p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena L. Gasich, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory for HIV and Associated Infections Diagnostics</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.gasich@belriem.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государсвтенное учреждение "Республиканский центр гигиены, эпидемиологии и общественного здоровья"</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Centre for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коско А.Д., Гасич Е.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коско А.Д., Гасич Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasko A.D., Gasich E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/3003">https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/3003</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Провести сравнительный анализ частоты и спектра мутаций устойчивости к ингибиторам NS5A у пациентов с моноинфекцией ВГС и коинфекцией ВГС/ВИЧ при неэффективности терапии препаратами прямого противовирусного действия.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 180 пациентов с коинфекцией ВГС/ВИЧ и 180 пациентов с моноинфекцией ВГС с рецидивом или реинфекцией после терапии, содержащей ингибиторы NS5A. Проведён частотный подбор групп по полу, возрасту и субтипу ВГС. Генотипирование ВГС и определение мутаций резистентности выполняли методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру фрагментов генома Core/E1 и NS5A.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В структуре этиологических факторов вирусологической неудачи у пациентов с коинфекцией ВИЧ установлено доминирование субтипа 3a ВГС (53,9%). Суммарная частота выявления RAS в регионе NS5A составила 60,6% при коинфекции ВИЧ и 66,1% при моноинфекции ВГС (p=0,283). Выявлены выраженные субтип-специфические межгрупповые различия в спектре мутаций для субтипов 1a, 1b и 3a. В случае субтипа 3a у моноинфицированных пациентов превалировали клинически значимые высокорезистентные штаммы (A30K/S, Y93H и их комбинации с A62), а при коинфекции ВИЧ – полиморфизмы, ассоциированные со снижением чувствительности (преимущественно A62). Для субтипа 1b при моноинфекции чаще встречались RAS высокой значимости с ведущей ролью Y93H, при коинфекции – сложные профили (A30Q+L31M±Y93H). Для субтипа 1a при коинфекции доминировали высокорезистентные варианты (Q30R, Y93C), при моноинфекции – мутации умеренной значимости (M28T, L31V).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Общая частота выявления мутаций резистентности в гене NS5A значимо не различалась между группами ко-инфекции ВИЧ и моноинфекцией ВГС. Однако спектры этих мутаций существенно зависели как от субтипа вируса, так и от наличия ВИЧ-коинфекции. Полученные данные указывают на необходимость определения мутаций резистентности перед повторными курсами терапии у пациентов с предшествующей вирусологической неудачей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the frequency and spectrum of resistance mutations to NS5A inhibitors in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfection and HCV/HIV coinfection after failed treatment with direct-acting antiviral drugs.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 180 patients with HCV/HIV coinfection and 180 patients with HCV monoinfection who relapsed or reinfected after therapy containing NS5A inhibitors. Frequency matching was performed across groups by gender, age, and HCV subtype. HCV genotyping and resistance mutation detection were performed using Sanger sequencing of Core/E1 and NS5A genome fragments.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. HCV subtype 3a was found to be dominant (53.9%) among the etiologic factors of virological failure in patients with HIV coinfection. The overall frequency of Resistance-Associated Substitutions (RAS) detection in the NS5A region was 60.6% in HIV coinfection and 66.1% in HCV monoinfection (p=0.283). Significant subtype-specific intergroup differences in the mutation spectrum were revealed for subtypes 1a, 1b, and 3a. In the case of subtype 3a, clinically significant highly resistant strains (A30K/S, Y93H, and their combinations with A62) prevailed in monoinfected patients, while polymorphisms associated with decreased sensitivity (mainly A62) prevailed in HIV coinfection. For subtype 1b, high-significance RAS with a leading role played by Y93H were more common in monoinfection, while complex profiles (A30Q+L31M±Y93H) were found in coinfection. For subtype 1a, highly resistant variants (Q30R, Y93C) predominated in coinfection, while mutations of moderate significance (M28T, L31V) predominated in monoinfection.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The overall frequency of detection of resistance mutations in the NS5A gene did not differ significantly between the HIV coinfection and HCV monoinfection groups. However, the patterns of these mutations significantly depended on both the viral subtype and the presence of HIV coinfection. These data indicate the need to identify resistance mutations before repeat courses of therapy in patients with prior virological failure.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гепатита С</kwd><kwd>коинфекция ВГС/ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы NS5A</kwd><kwd>мутации резистентности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatitis C virus</kwd><kwd>HCV/HIV coinfection</kwd><kwd>NS5A inhibitors</kwd><kwd>resistance mutations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственной программы научных исследований «Трансляционная медицина» подпрограмма «Фундаментальные аспекты медицинской науки» по заданию 1.29 «Изучить влияние мутаций лекарственной устойчивости вируса SARS-CoV-2 на течение заболевания и эффективность применения средств противовирусного действия для лечения COVID-19 в отношении актуальных штаммов вируса и разработать алгоритм молекулярно-генетических исследований для их выявления» (Рег. № НИР 20230286).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out as part of the task 4.2.49 “To study modern epidemiological and molecular genetic aspects of the circulation of the hepatitis C virus under the influence of external factors – antiviral therapy and population migration” subprogram "Fundamental Principles of Medicine" of the State Program for Scientific Research “Experimental Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies” (State registration No. 20250244 dated 24.03.2025).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gobran ST, Ancuta P, Shoukry NH. 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