zdorПроблемы здоровья и экологииHealth and Ecology Issues2220-09672708-6011Gomel State Medical University10.51523/2708-6011.2026-23-2-03zdor-2997Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESИскусственный интеллект в лучевой диагностике: современное состояние, доказательная база и перспективы внедренияArtificial intelligence in diagnostic radiology: current status, evidence base, and implementation prospectshttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-0694-7166АбельскаяИ. С.AbelskayaI. S.

Абельская Ирина Степановна, д.м.н., профессор, главный врач 

аг. Ждановичи, Минский р-н, Минская область

Iryna S. Abelskaya, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Physician

Zhdanovichi, Minsk District, Minsk Region

info@vip-clinic.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1086-1675НазаренкоИ. В.NazarankaI. V.

Назаренко Ирина Вячеславовна, к.м.н., доцент, ректор 

Гомель

Iryna V. Nazaranka, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Rector

Gomel

I.V.Nazarenko.91@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9965-8424РожкоА. В.RazhkoA. V.

Рожко Александр Валентинович, д.м.н., профессор, директор 

Гомель

Alexandr V. Razhko, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director

Gomel

info@rcrm.byhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-6793-9987МихайловА. Н.MikhailovA. N.

Михайлов Анатолий Николаевич, академик НАН Беларуси, д.м.н., профессор,заведующий кафедрой лучевой диагностики 

Минск

Anatoly N. Mikhailov, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics

Minsk

r_diagnostics@bsmu.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-6513ЛитвинА. А.LitvinA. A.

Литвин Андрей Антонович, д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры хирургических болезней № 3

Гомель

Andrey A. Litvin, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases No. 3

Gomel

aalitvin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-7612МурашкоК. Л.MurashkoK. L.

Мурашко Константин Леонидович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры лучевой диагностики с курсом ФПКиП

Гомель

Konstantin L. Murashko, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Radiation Diagnostics with the course of Advanced Training and Retraining

Gomel

kostya199172@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-7827РублевскаяЕ. И.RublevskayaE. I.

Рублевская Екатерина Ивановна, к.м.н., доцент, главный врач 

Гомель

Ekaterina I. Rublevskaya, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Chief Physician

Gomel

mail@gomelkvd.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-6109ВоропаевЕ. В.VoropaevE. V.

Воропаев Евгений Викторович, к.м.н., доцент, проректор по научной работе

Гомель

Evgenii V. Voropaev, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice-rector for Scientific Work

Gomel

voropaev.evgenii@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-5026МицураВ. М.MitsuraV. M.

Мицура Виктор Михайлович, д.м.н., профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека»; профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней, УО «Гомельский государственный медицинский университет»

Гомель

Viktar M. Mitsura, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director on Science, Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology; Professor at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Gomel State Medical University

Gomel

mitsuravictor@gmail.byhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-8916-6770СлепцоваЕ. А.SleptsovaH. A.

Слепцова Елена Александровна, к.м.н., врачрентгенолог рентгеновского отделения, ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека»; доцент кафедры лучевой диагностики с курсом ФПКиП, УО «Гомельский государственный медицинский университет»

Гомель

Helena A. Sleptsova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Radiologist at the X-ray Department, Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology; Associate Professor at the Department of Radiation Diagnostics with a course of Advanced Training and Retraining, Gomel State Medical University

Gomel

lubimova-s@yandex.ruРеспубликанский клинический медицинский центр Управления делами Президента Республики БеларусьБеларусьRepublican Clinical Medical Center of the Administration of the President of the Republic of BelarusBelarusГомельский государственный медицинский университетБеларусьGomel State Medical UniversityBelarusРеспубликанский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человекаБеларусьRepublican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human EcologyBelarusИнститут повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров здравоохранения УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»БеларусьInstitute for Advanced Training and Retraining of Healthcare Personnel, Belarusian State Medical UniversityBelarusГомельский областной клинический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологииБеларусьGomel Regional Clinical Center for Dermatovenereology and CosmetologyBelarusГомельский государственный медицинский университет; Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человекаБеларусьGomel State Medical University; Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human EcologyBelarus2026050820262322735Copyright © Абельская И.С., Назаренко И.В., Рожко А.В., Михайлов А.Н., Литвин А.А., Мурашко К.Л., Рублевская Е.И., Воропаев Е.В., Мицура В.М., Слепцова Е.А., 20262026Абельская И.С., Назаренко И.В., Рожко А.В., Михайлов А.Н., Литвин А.А., Мурашко К.Л., Рублевская Е.И., Воропаев Е.В., Мицура В.М., Слепцова Е.А.Abelskaya I.S., Nazaranka I.V., Razhko A.V., Mikhailov A.N., Litvin A.A., Murashko K.L., Rublevskaya E.I., Voropaev E.V., Mitsura V.M., Sleptsova H.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2997Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Систематизировать современные направления применения искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в лучевой диагностике, проанализировать доказательную базу, клиническую эффективность и ограничения реального внедрения, а также оценить регуляторные, этические и организационно-экономические факторы.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен описательный аналитический обзор публикаций за период 2020–2026 гг., индексируемых в базах PubMed/MEDLINE, РИНЦ, с анализом основных направлений применения ИИ в радиологии.

Результаты

Результаты. В обзоре представлен анализ современного состояния применения технологий ИИ в лучевой диагностике. Рассмотрены основные направления клинического использования ИИ-систем: выявление и классификация патологических образований, количественная оценка очаговых поражений, реконструкция медицинских изображений и формирование структурированных заключений. Проанализирована доказательная база эффективности ИИ-решений с учетом результатов внешней валидации. Обсуждены регуляторные требования, этические проблемы и организационные аспекты внедрения ИИ. Особое внимание уделено ограничениям существующих исследований и перспективам развития данного направления.Заключение. ИИ-системы демонстрируют значительный потенциал для повышения качества и эффективности лучевой диагностики, однако их клиническая ценность определяется не только показателями точности, но и способностью надежно работать в условиях реальной практики и соответствием регуляторным требованиям. 

Objective

Objective. To systematize current trends in the application of AI in diagnostic radiology, to analyze the evidence base, clinical efficacy, and limitations of real implementation, as well as to assess regulatory, ethical, and organizational and economic factors.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A descriptive analytical review of publications indexed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and RSCI databases for the period of 2020–2026 was conducted, analyzing the primary directions of AI application in radiology.

Results

Results. This review presents an analysis of the current state of AI technology application in diagnostic radiology. The main directions of the clinical use of AI systems are examined: detection and classification of paroplasms, quantitative assessment of focal lesions, medical image reconstruction, and generation of structured reports. The evidence base of AI solutions efficacy was analyzed taking into account external validation results. Regulatory requirements, ethical issues, and organizational aspects of integrating AI into radiological practice were discussed. Special attention was paid to the limitations of existing studies and the future prospects for the development of this field.

Conclusion

Conclusion. AI systems demonstrate significant potential for enhancing the quality and efficiency of diagnostic radiology; however, their clinical value is determined not only by accuracy metrics, but also by their ability to perform reliably in real-world clinical settings, and their compliance with regulatory requirements.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.