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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы здоровья и экологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health and Ecology Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Gomel State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51523/2708-6011.2026-23-3-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdor-2986</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕ, ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE, HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиология аутизма: в поисках биологических и психосоциальных детерминант роста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology of autism: in search of biological and psychosocial determinants of growth</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2255-5280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авин Александр Иванович, к.м.н., заведующий лабораторией медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации при психических и поведенческих расстройствах </p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliaksandr I. Avin, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation for Mental and Behavioral Disorders</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avin-a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3469-7247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартыненко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynenka</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартыненко Александр Ильич, научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации при психических и поведенческих расстройствах </p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliaksandr I. Martynenka, Researcher at the Laboratory of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation for Mental and Behavioral Disorders</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">M.a.y.alexandr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9363-5821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аниськова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aniskova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аниськова Майя Денисовна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации при психических и поведенческих расстройствах </p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mayia D. Aniskova, Junior Research at the Laboratory of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation for Mental and Behavioral Disorders</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aniskovamaja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Science and Practice Centre of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авин А.И., Мартыненко А.И., Аниськова М.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авин А.И., Мартыненко А.И., Аниськова М.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avin A.I., Martynenka A.I., Aniskova M.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2986">https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2986</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Проанализировать причины роста расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС) в Республике Беларусь.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использованы данные полнотекстовых научных статей из международных научных баз данных, данные государственной статистической отчетности Республики Беларусь 1-психиатрия (Минздрав) «Отчет о заболеваниях психическими расстройствами, расстройствами поведения (кроме заболеваний, связанных с употреблением психоактивных веществ) и контингентах наблюдаемых пациентов», материалы базы данных Республиканской информационно-аналитической системы по медэкспертизе и реабилитации инвалидов Республики Беларусь. Относительные и интенсивные показатели рассчитаны с учетом демографических данных Национального статистического комитета Республики Беларусь.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 2025 г. в Республике Беларусь распространенность РАС среди детей достигла показателя один случай на 251 ребенка. Феномен роста показателей РАС является сложным и многокомпонентным. Авторами выделены три основные группы причин роста данной патологии: биологические факторы, методологические факторы, факторы социальной адаптации.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные показали почти семикратный рост заболеваемости и инвалидности по РАС за период 2016–2025 гг. при относительной стабильности общего числа пациентов в возрасте 0–17 лет с психическими расстройствами, зарегистрированных организациями здравоохранения, что указывает на специфический эпидемиологический подъем РАС. Этот рост обусловлен сочетанием биологических детерминант (генетические факторы, осложнения беременности, выхаживание глубоко недоношенных детей), а также методологических и психосоциальных факторов, расширяющих диагностические границы и усиливающих выявляемость РАС. В Республике Беларусь на этом фоне выявляется преобладание тяжелой степени инвалидизации. Кроме того, отмечается преобладание мужского пола среди детей с установленным диагнозом «Детский аутизм», а также прослеживается формирование государственной системы раннего скрининга и применение биопсихосоциальной модели оказания помощи, что создает условия для своевременного выявления РАС, снижения социальной нагрузки и повышения качества жизни людей с РАС и их семей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyse the causes of the increase in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the Republic of Belarus.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The data from full-text scientific articles in international academic databases, as well as data of official statistical reports of the Republic of Belarus 1-Psychiatry (Ministry of Health) "Report on mental disorders, behavioural disorders (excluding disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances) and the number of patients under observation", and data from the database of the Republican Information and Analytical System for Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities of the Republic of Belarus . Relative and incidence rates were calculated taking into account demographic data from the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The prevalence of ASD in the Republic of Belarus reached a rate of 1 in 251 children in 2025. The phenomenon of rising ASD rates is complex and multifaceted. The authors have identified three main groups of causes for the increase in this condition: biological factors, methodological factors, and factors relating to social adaptation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained showed an almost sevenfold increase in the incidence and disability rates for ASD over the period of 2016–2025, whilst the total number of patients aged 0-17 with mental disorders registered by healthcare organisations remained relatively stable, indicating a specific epidemiological rise in ASD. This increase is driven by a combination of biological determinants (genetic factors, pregnancy complications, and the care of extremely preterm infants), as well as methodological and psychosocial factors that broaden diagnostic criteria and enhance the detection of ASD. Against this backdrop, a predominance of severe disability is observed in the Republic of Belarus. Furthermore, there is a predominance of males among children diagnosed with «childhood autism», and the development of a national early screening system and the application of a biopsychosocial model of care are evident, which create the conditions for timely detection, a reduction in the social burden, and an improvement in the quality of life for people with ASD and their families.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>инвалидность</kwd><kwd>биопсихосоциальная модель</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>disability</kwd><kwd>biopsychosocial model</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muthuka JK, Onyango C, Nzioki JM, et al. 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