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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы здоровья и экологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health and Ecology Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Gomel State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51523/2708-6011.2026-23-3-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdor-2980</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка гуморального иммунного ответа и поствакцинальных явлений при использовании различных вакцин против COVID-19 в ходе пандемии с учетом смены штаммов вируса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the humoral immune response and post-vaccination events when using various COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic, taking into account the change of virus strains</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-3246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсак</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsak</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корсак Екатерина Сергеевна, ассистент кафедры эпидемиологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>г. Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Katsiaryna S. Korsak, Assistant at the Department of Epidemiology and Evidential Medicine</p><p> Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katsiaryna.korsak@gsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корсак Е.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корсак Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korsak K.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2980">https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2980</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить гуморальный иммунный ответ и оценить частоту поствакцинальных явлений при использовании различных вакцин против COVID-19 в ходе пандемии с учетом смены штаммов вируса.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено исследование иммуногенности и частоты поствакцинальных явлений при иммунизации против COVID-19 с использованием вакцин «Спутник V», Sinopharm и Soberana Plus, разрешенных к применению в Республике Беларусь, а также вакцины «БелКовидВак».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам генотипирования штаммов SARS-CoV-2 в 2021 г. большинство образцов (67,3 %) составили геноварианты линий B.1.617.2 («Дельта»). В 2022 г. они составили 1,3 % образцов. В 2022 г. 93,5 % образцов принадлежали к другим генетическим линиям вируса SARS-CoV-2, не относящимся к B.1.1.529 и B.1.617.2. Наибольшая концентрация IgG к SARS-CoV-2 наблюдалась на 90-й день после введения вакцины «БелКовидВак». В исследовании частоты нежелательных явлений (НЯ) после первичной иммунизации вакцинами «Спутник V» (Gam-COVID-Vac) и Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) у 45 % участников были зарегистрированы НЯ легкой или средней степени выраженности: болезненность (74,1 %) и покраснение (11,1 %) в месте инъекции, повышение температуры тела (40,7 %), слабость (3,7 %), головная боль (3,7 %), отечность места инъекции (3,7 %). В группе вакцинированных «Спутником V» статистически значимо чаще отмечалась повышенная температура тела (р &lt; 0,001). По данным исследования вакцины «БелКовидВак», большинство НЯ относились к категориям «Системные нарушения и реакции в месте введения», «Нарушения со стороны нервной системы», «Нарушения со стороны дыхательной системы, органов грудной клетки и средостения» и «Лабораторные и инструментальные данные» легкой степени выраженности. После введения вакцины Soberana Plus (FINLAY-FR-1A) НЯ отмечены в 37,8 % случаев (р = 0,02). Наиболее часто отмечена болезненность в месте инъекции (67,3 % случаев).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Вакцины против COVID-19 имеют благоприятный профиль безопасности и формируют гуморальный иммунный ответ, сохраняющийся в течение нескольких месяцев.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study the humoral immune response and evaluate the frequency of post-vaccination events when using various COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic, taking into account the change in virus strains.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The study of the immunogenicity and frequency of post-vaccination events during COVID-19 immunization using the vaccines Sputnik V, Sinopharm and Soberana Plus approved for use in the Republic of Belarus, as well as the vaccine BelKovidVak, was conducted.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the results of genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 strains in 2021, the majority of the samples (67.3%) were genovariants of B.1.617.2 (Delta) lines. In 2022 they accounted for 1.3% of samples. In 2022 93.5% of samples belonged to other genetic lines of the SARS-CoV-2 virus not related to B.1.1.529 and B.1.617.2. The highest concentration of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 was observed on the 90th day after administration of the BelKovidVak vaccine. In a study of the frequency of adverse events after primary immunization with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccines, 45% of participants had mild or moderate adverse events: soreness (74.1%) and redness (11.1%) at the site of injections, fever (40.7%), weakness (3.7%), headache (3.7%), swelling of the injection site (3.7%). Elevated body temperature was significantly more common (p&lt;0.001) in the group vaccinated with Sputnik V. According to the BelKovidVak vaccine study, most of the adverse events fell into the categories of “Systemic disorders and injection site reactions”, “Nervous system disorders”, “Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders” and “Laboratory and instrumental data” of mild severity. Adverse events were noted in 37.8% of cases (p=0.02) after administration of the Soberana Plus vaccine (FINLAY-FR-1A). Soreness at the injection site was most often noted (67.3% of cases).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. COVID-19 vaccines have a beneficial safety profile and develop a humoral immune response that persists for several months.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>нежелательные явления</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>циркуляция антител</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>adverse events</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>antibodies circulation</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bin Abdulrahman K, Bin Abdulrahman A. Scrutinizing the COVID-19 vaccine safety debate. Human Vaccines Immunotherapeutics. 2024;20(1):2401646. 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