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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы здоровья и экологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health and Ecology Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Gomel State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51523/2708-6011.2026-23-2-04</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdor-2957</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-микробиологическая характеристика инфекций мочевыводящих путей при циррозе печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and microbiological characteristics of urinary tract infections in liver cirrhosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-0787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малаева</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malaeva</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малаева Екатерина Геннадьевна, к.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой внутренних болезней № 1 с курсами эндокринологии и гематологии</p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina G. Malaeva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Diseases No.1 with the courses of Endocrinology and Hematology</p><p>Gomel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr-malaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стома</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stoma</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стома Игорь Олегович, д.м.н., профессор </p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor O. Stoma, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor </p><p>Gomel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igor.stoma@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малаева Е.Г., Стома И.О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малаева Е.Г., Стома И.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malaeva E.G., Stoma I.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2957">https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2957</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Проанализировать распространенность, клинические особенности и микробиологические данные инфекций мочевыводящих путей (ИМВП) у пациентов с циррозом печени (ЦП).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное обсервационное исследование 338 госпитализированных пациентов с ЦП в возрасте 55,00 (45,00; 63,00) лет, из них мужчин — 189 (55,92 %), женщин — 149 (44,08 %); класс тяжести А — 78 (23,08 %) человек, В — 118 (34,91 %), С — 142 (42,01 %) человека. Было проведено микробиологическое исследование 1056 образцов мочи на микробиоту и чувствительность к антибиотикам в динамике в течение 48 ч от момента поступления в больничную организацию и после 48 ч госпитализации. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась в среде программирования R. Уровень значимости α принят равным 0,05. Исследование зарегистрировано в Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05335213).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У госпитализированных пациентов с ЦП частота ИМВП составляет 37,87 %, бессимптомной бактериурии — 23,96 %. ИМВП чаще диагностированы у женщин (соотношение женщин и мужчин 57,81 и 42,19 %, p &lt; 0,001), у пациентов с декомпенсированным циррозом (p &lt; 0,001), с анамнезом ЦП менее 10 лет (р &lt; 0,001). ИМВП протекают с инфекциями других локализаций в 45,31 % случаев. При ЦП преобладают ИМВП с системными проявлениями (79,69 %), связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи (72,66 %), катетер-ассоциированные (56,25 %), с факторами риска (94,5 %), осложненные (88,94 %). У 70 % пациентов с ЦП с ИМВП наступил смертельный исход заболевания в течение 45 месяцев наблюдения, что значительно больше по сравнению с пациентами без ИМВП — 34 % (p &lt; 0,001). Для пациентов с ИМВП мгновенный риск смерти выше более чем в 4 раза (HR = 4,32; 95 % ДИ: 2,88–6,50; p &lt; 0,001) по сравнению с лицами без инфекции. У 59 (46,09 %) пациентов определена смешанная микробиота мочи. Наиболее распространенными уропатогенами являлись Escherichia coli (36,72 %), Enterococcus feacalis (32,81 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (27,34 %). Более чем у 85 % пациентов выделенные штаммы Acinetobacter baumanii, Serratia marcencens, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae характеризовались множественной или экстремальной резистентностью к антибактериальным лекарственным средствам.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ИМВП у госпитализированных пациентов с ЦП имеют высокую распространенность, в большинстве случаев имеют осложненное течение, связаны с оказанием медицинской помощи, ассоциируются с неблагоприятным прогнозом, характеризуются полимикробным спектром возбудителей, которые относятся к отделу Pseudomonadota и Bacillota. Выбор антибактериальных лекарственных средств должен основываться на локальной резистентности и быть оптимизированным на основе результатов чувствительности к лекарственным средствам.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Analysis of the prevalence, clinical features, and microbiological data of urinary tract infections (UTI) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted on 338 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis aged 55.00 (45.00; 63.00) years old, including 189 (55.92%) men and 149 (44.08%) women, with class A – 78 (23.08%), class B – 118 (34.91%), and class C – 142 (42.01%) patients. The study included a microbiological examination of 1,056 urine samples for microbiota and antibiotic sensitivity over a 48-hour period from admission to the hospital organization and after 48 hours of hospitalization. Statistical data processing was performed in the R programming environment. The significance level α is taken to be 0.05. The study was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05335213).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The incidence of urinary tract infections is 37.87%, and asymptomatic bacteriuria is 23.96% in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis. Urinary tract infections are more commonly diagnosed in women (57.81% vs. 42.19%, p&lt;0.001), in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (p&lt;0.001), and those with a history of liver cirrhosis less than 10 years (p&lt;0.001). Urinary tract infections occur with infections of other localizations in 45.31% of cases. Urinary tract infections with systemic manifestations (79.69%), health-care associated infections (72.66%), catheter-associated infections (56.25%), risk factors (94.5%), and complications (88.94%) prevail in patients with liver cirrhosis. 70% of patients with liver cirrhosis with urinary tract infections had a fatal outcome of the disease within 45 months of follow–up, which is significantly higher than in patients without urinary tract infections – 34% (p&lt;0.001). For patients with urinary tract infection, the immediate risk of death is more than 4 times higher (HR=4.32; 95% CI: 2.88–6.50; p&lt;0.001) compared to individuals without infection. Mixed microbiota of urine was identified in 59 (46.09%) patients. The most common uropathogens were Escherichia coli (36.72%), Enterococcus feacalis (32.81%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.34%). In more than 85% of patients, the isolated strains of Acinetobacter baumanii, Serratia marcencens, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were characterized by multiple or extreme resistance to antibacterial drugs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis have a high prevalence, in most cases have a complicated course, are health-care associated, are associated with an unfavorable prognosis, are characterized by a polymicrobial spectrum of pathogens that belongs to the Pseudomonadota and Bacillota department. The choice of antibacterial drugs should be based on local resistance and be optimized based on the results of drug sensitivity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекции мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urinary tract infections</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта «Изучить особенности микробиоты различных биотопов организма человека в норме и при патологических состояниях, оценить ее значение в развитии связанных с ними заболеваний» государственной программы научных исследований «Трансляционная медицина», подпрограмма 4.2 «Фундаментальные аспекты медицинской науки» (№ госрегистрации 20220463 от 07.04.2022)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of the project «To study the features of the microbiota of various biotopes of the human body in normal and pathological conditions, to assess its importance in the development of related diseases» the state program of scientific research «Translational Medicine», subprogram 4.2 «Fundamental aspects of medical science» (No. State Registration 20220463 dated 04/07/2022)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kranz J, Bartoletti R, Bruyère F, Cai T, Geerlings S, Köves B, et al. 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