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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы здоровья и экологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health and Ecology Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Gomel State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51523/2708-6011.2025-22-4-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdor-2923</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕ, ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE, HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ современных тенденций в структуре инвалидизирующей психической патологии населения Республики Беларусь</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of modern trends in the structure of disabilitating mental pathology of the population of the Republic of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2255-5280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авин Александр Иванович - к.м.н., заведующий лабораторией медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации при психических и поведенческих расстройствах.</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliaksandr I. Avin - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Medical Examination and Rehabilitation for Mental and Behavioral Disorders, National Science and Practice Center of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation.</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avin-a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3469-7247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартыненко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynenka</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартыненко Александр Ильич - научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации при психических и поведенческих расстройствах.</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliaksandr I. Martynenka - Researcher at the Laboratory of Medical Examination and Rehabilitation for Mental and Behavioral Disorders, National Science and Practice Center of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation.</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">M.a.y.alexandr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9363-5821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аниськова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aniskova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аниськова Майя Денисовна - специалист по информационному обеспечению отдела обеспечения функционирования информационных систем.</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mayia D. Aniskova - Information Support Specialist at the Department of Ensuring the Functioning of Information Systems, National Science and Practice Center of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation.</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aniskovamaja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Science and Practice Centre of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авин А.И., Мартыненко А.И., Аниськова М.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авин А.И., Мартыненко А.И., Аниськова М.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avin A.I., Martynenka A.I., Aniskova M.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2923">https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2923</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Провести анализ современных тенденций в структуре инвалидизирующей психической патологии среди взрослого и детского населения Республики Беларусь за период 2015–2024 гг. для выявления ключевых проблем и направлений совершенствования системы психиатрической помощи, медицинской профилактики и медицинской реабилитации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование основано на анализе данных 29 966 взрослых (18+) и 10 259 детей (&lt; 18), впервые признанных инвалидами вследствие психических расстройств и расстройств поведения. Использовались материалы базы данных Республиканской информационно-аналитической системы по медицинской экспертизе и реабилитации инвалидов Республики Беларусь. Нозологические группы выделены по Международной классификации болезней 10-го пересмотра.</p><p>Статистическая обработка проведена с помощью Microsoft Excel, рассчитаны абсолютные, относительные и интенсивные показатели с учетом демографических данных Национального статистического комитета Республики Беларусь.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди взрослого населения Республики Беларусь среднегодовой уровень первичной инвалидности (ПИ) по причине психических расстройств и расстройств поведения составил 3,96 на 10 тыс. населения. Наибольший удельный вес инвалидности приходится на возрастные группы 80–89 лет (29,8 %), 70–79 лет (18,7 %) и 60–69 лет (9,8 %). Ведущая причина ПИ — органические психические расстройства (77,0 % в 2024 г.), преимущественно сосудистые и смешанные деменции (49,0 %), болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) (7,0 %). Первичная инвалидность по этой группе за 10 лет выросла с 2254 случаев в 2015 г. до 2652 случаев в 2024 г. В Республике Беларусь преобладают сосудистые деменции из-за высокой распространенности сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ), поздней диагностики, влияния экологических факторов и вредных привычек. С 2019 г. ведущая причина ПИ у детей — расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС). За 10 лет число случаев РАС выросло в 6 раз (с 221 в 2015 г. до 1298 случаев в 2024 г.), а показатели ПИ — с 1,38 до 6,32 на 10 тыс. детского населения. Прогнозируется рост инвалидности среди взрослых с РАС: на конец 2023 г. зарегистрировано 256 пациентов старше 18 лет, 85 % из них имеют тяжелые формы инвалидности (I и II группы инвалидности).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Структура инвалидизирующих психических заболеваний в Республике Беларусь характеризуется преобладанием сосудистых деменций, что требует усиления профилактики ССЗ и ранней диагностики когнитивных нарушений. У детей стремительно растет инвалидность вследствие РАС, что создает необходимость развития программ медицинской, социальной и трудовой реабилитации для взрослых пациентов. Противодействие выявленным тенденциям видится во внедрении передовых методов диагностики, профилактике ССЗ и пропаганде здорового образа жизни, развитии системы поддержки для пациентов с РАС на всех этапах жизни. Полученные данные актуальны для адаптации государственной политики в сфере психического здоровья и социальной защиты.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyse current trends in the structure of disabling mental pathology among adult and child population of the Republic of Belarus for the period of 2015-2024 to identify key problems and ways to improve the system of psychiatric care, medical prevention and rehabilitation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of data from 29 966 adults (18+) and 10 259 children (&lt;18) newly recognized as disabled due to mental and behavioral disorders. Materials of the database of the Republican Information and Analytical System on Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons of the Republic of Belarus were used. Nosological groups are identified according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases.</p><p>Statistical processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel, absolute, relative and intensive indicators were calculated taking into account demographic data of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The average annual level of primary disability related to mental and behavioral disorders was 3.96 per 10,000 people among the adult population of the Republic of Belarus. The largest proportion of disability falls on the age groups of 80-89 years old (29.8%), 70-79 years old (18.7%) and 60-69 years old (9.8%). The leading cause of primary disability is organic mental disorders (77.0% in 2024), mainly vascular and mixed dementia (49.0%), and Alzheimer’s disease (7.0%). Primary disability in this group increased over 10 years from 2254 cases in 2015 to 2652 in 2024. Vascular dementia predominates in the Republic of Belarus due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, late diagnosis, and influence of environmental factors and bad habits. Since 2019, the leading cause of primary disability in children is autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Over 10 years, the number of ASD cases has increased 6-fold (from 221 in 2015 to 1298 in 2024), and primary disability rates have increased from 1.38 to 6.32 per 10,000 children. The increase of disability among adults with ASD is projected to increase: by the end of 2023, 256 patients over the age of 18 were registered, 85% of whom have severe disabilities (I and II disability group).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The structure of disabling mental pathology in the Republic of Belarus is characterized with predominance of vascular dementia, that requires strengthen prevention of cardiovascular diseases and early prevention of cognitive disorders. Disabilities due to ASD are rapidly increasing in children, creating a need for the development of medical, social, and occupational rehabilitation programs for adult patients. Counteracting the identified trends is seen in the introduction of advanced diagnostic methods, prevention of cardiovascular diseases and promotion of a healthy lifestyle, development of a support system for patients with ASD at all stages of life. The obtained data are relevant for the adaptation of the State policy in the field of mental health and social protection.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичная инвалидность</kwd><kwd>психические расстройства</kwd><kwd>сосудистые деменции</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary disability</kwd><kwd>mental disorders</kwd><kwd>vascular dementia</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационно-статистический сборник по медицинской экспертизе и реабилитации в Республике Беларусь: в 2 ч.: информ.-стат. сб. Мн., 2025. 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