zdorПроблемы здоровья и экологииHealth and Ecology Issues2220-09672708-6011Gomel State Medical University10.51523/2708-6011.2025-22-2-03zdor-2842Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL MEDICINEСтруктура злокачественных новообразований у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов в Светлогорском районе Гомельской областиStructure of malignant neoplasms in HIV-infected patients in Svetlogorsk district of Gomel regionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2844-8603КозорезЕ. И.KozorezE. I.

Козорез Елена Ивановна - к.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней.

Гомель

Elena I. Kozorez - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Gomel State Medical University.

Gomel

elena_kozorez@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-5026МицураВ. М.MitsuraV. M.

Мицура Виктор Михайлович - д.м.н., профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе ГУ «РНПЦ радиационной медицины и экологии человека»; профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней, УО «ГГМУ».

Гомель

Viktar M. Mitsura - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director on Science Work, Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology; Professor of the Department of Infectious diseases, Gomel State Medical University.

Gomel

mitsura_victor@tut.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-691XВеялкинИ. В.VeyalkinI. V.

Веялкин Илья Владимирович - к.б.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией эпидемиологии.

Гомель

Ilya V. Veyalkin - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Epidemiology Laboratory, Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology.

Gomel

veyalkin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7329СтомаИ. О.StomaI. O.

Стома Игорь Олегович - д.м.н., профессор, ректор.

Гомель

Igor O. Stoma - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Rector of Gomel State Medical University.

Gomel

rektor@gsmu.byГомельский государственный медицинский университетGomel State Medical UniversityГомельский государственный медицинский университет; Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человекаGomel State Medical University; Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human EcologyРеспубликанский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человекаRepublican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology2025290620252222634Copyright © Козорез Е.И., Мицура В.М., Веялкин И.В., Стома И.О., 20252025Козорез Е.И., Мицура В.М., Веялкин И.В., Стома И.О.Kozorez E.I., Mitsura V.M., Veyalkin I.V., Stoma I.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2842Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Ретроспективно оценить структуру злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов на примере Светлогорского района как региона с наибольшей распространенностью ВИЧ-инфекции в Республике Беларусь.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные пациентов, проживающих в Светлогорском районе Гомельской области и зарегистрированных в Белорусском канцер-регистре с 2015 по 2022 г. Проведено сравнение данных пациентов со ЗНО у ВИЧ-позитивных (ВИЧ+) пациентов (97 человек) и ВИЧ-негативных (ВИЧ-) жителей Светлогорского района (3015 пациентов).

Результаты

Результаты. Среди зарегистрированных случаев ЗНО у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов 32 % были СПИД-ассоциированные новообразования (НО), 66 % — СПИД-неассоциированные опухоли. Первыми по частоте у пациентов с ВИЧ были неходжкинская лимфома (НХЛ), рак молочной железы, рак легкого, рак шейки матки (РШМ), саркома Капоши, рак ротоглотки.

В структуре ЗНО доля ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов в возрасте младше 50 лет составляла 16,7 %, однако среди пациентов с НХЛ их было более 60 %, среди женщин с РШМ — 30 %.

Заключение

Заключение. Совершенствование программы скрининга и профилактика преобладающих в структуре онкологических заболеваний у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов трудоспособного возраста позволит увеличить у них продолжительность и качество жизни.

Objectives

Objectives. To evaluate retrospectively the structure of malignant neoplasms in HIV-infected patients using the example of Svetlogorsk district, as the area with the highest prevalence of HIV infection in the Republic of Belarus.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The data of patients living in Svetlogorsk district of Gomel region and registered in the Belarusian Cancer Registry from 2015 to 2022 were analyzed. A comparison of data of patients with malignant neoplasms was conducted in HIV-positive patients (HIV+) (97 people) and HIV-negative (HIV-) residents of Svetlogorsk region (3015 patients).

Results

Results. Among the registered cases of cancer in HIV-infected patients, 32% were AIDS-associated neoplasms, 66% were AIDS-non-associated neoplasms. The most common neoplasms in HIV-infected patients were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and oropharyngeal cancer.

Proportion of HIV-infected patients was 16.7% in the structure of malignant neoplasms in patients under the age of 50, but there was more than 60% among patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and 30% among women with cervical cancer.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Developing of the screening program and prevention of the predominant cancers in HIV-infected patients of working age will make it possible to increase their life expectancy and life quality.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.