zdorПроблемы здоровья и экологииHealth and Ecology Issues2220-09672708-6011Gomel State Medical University10.51523/2708-6011.2025-22-1-03zdor-2825Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL MEDICINEМикробиота асцитической жидкости и других биотопов при циррозе печени: пилотный проектMicrobiota of ascitic fluid and other biotopes in liver cirrhosis: a pilot studyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-0787МалаеваЕ.. Г.MalaeE. G.

Малаева Екатерина Геннадьевна - к.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой внутренних болезней № 1 с курсами эндокринологии и гематологии.

Гомель

Ekaterina G. Malaeva - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Diseases No.1 with the courses of Endocrinology and Hematology.

Gomel

dr-malaeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7329СтомаИ. О.StomaI. O.

Стома Игорь Олегович - д.м.н., профессор, ректор.

Гомель

Igor O. Stoma - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Rector.

Gomel

rector@gsmu.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-6109ВоропаевЕ. В.VoropaevE. V.

Воропаев Евгений Викторович - к.м.н., доцент, проректор по научной работе.

Гомель

Evgenii V. Voropaev - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector for Scientific Work.

Gomel

voropaev.evgenii@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-4224ОсипкинаО. В.OsipkinaO. V.

Осипкина Ольга Викторовна - заведующий научно-исследовательской лабораторией.

Гомель

Olga V. Osipkina - Head of the Research Laboratory.

Gomel

olga.osipkina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9148-487XКовалевА. А.KovalevA. A.

Ковалев Алексей Алексеевич - старший преподаватель кафедры медицинской и биологической физики.

Гомель

Alexey A. Kovalev - Senior Lecturer at the Department of Medical and Biological Physics.

Gomel

kovalev.data.analysis.gsmu@yandex.byГомельский государственный медицинский университетGomel State Medical University2025290320252212331Copyright © Малаева Е.Г., Стома И.О., Воропаев Е.В., Осипкина О.В., Ковалев А.А., 20252025Малаева Е.Г., Стома И.О., Воропаев Е.В., Осипкина О.В., Ковалев А.А.Malae E.G., Stoma I.O., Voropaev E.V., Osipkina O.V., Kovalev A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2825Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Определить композиционный состав микробиоты асцитической жидкости (АЖ) у пациентов с циррозом печени (ЦП) и сопоставить его с микробиотой кишечника и уробиотой.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведено поперечное одноцентровое исследование 5 госпитализированных пациентов с декомпенсированным ЦП с асцитом, которым наряду со стандартными методами исследования выполнено метагеномное секвенирование АЖ, мочи и кала. Высокопроизводительное секвенирование проводилось с помощью генетического анализатора MiSeq (Illumina, США) с использованием протокола, основанного на анализе вариабельных регионов гена 16s рРНК. Назначение таксономических уровней и количественная оценка состава микробиома выполнялись с помощью программы Kraken 2 (база PlusPF от 05.06.2024). Исследование зарегистрировано в Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05335213).

Результаты

Результаты. У пациентов с ЦП с асцитом при отсутствии спонтанного бактериального перитонита (СБП) определен уникальный состав микробиоты АЖ, который представлен 29 типами, 35 классами, 67 порядками, 129 семействами, 231 родом, 266 видами бактерий. В микробиоте АЖ доминирующим типом является Pseudomonadota (95,4 % [94,8; 95,9]), классом — Gammaproteobacteria (47,7 % [45,9; 48,4]), родом — Stenotrophomonas (47,6 % [46,2; 48,0]).

Впервые показано, что общность микробиоты АЖ и уробиоты на уровне типа составляет 68,3 %, микробиоты АЖ и кишечника — 69,0 %.

Заключение

Заключение. В исследовании изучена микробиота АЖ у пациентов с ЦП с использованием метагеномного секвенирования. Несмотря на отрицательные результаты культуральных методов исследования, показано, что АЖ не является стерильной средой и содержит большое количество микроорганизмов, которые в большинстве случаев имеют общность с микробиотой кишечника и мочевыводящих путей.

Objective

Objective. To determine the composition of the microbiota of ascitic fluid in patients with liver cirrhosis and compare it with the intestinal microbiota and urobiota.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A cross-sectional single-center study was conducted for 5 hospitalized patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis with ascites who, along with standard research methods, underwent metagenomic sequencing of ascitic fluid, urine and feces. High-throughput sequencing was performed using a MiSeq genetic analyzer (Illumina, USA) using a protocol based on the analysis of variable regions of the 16s rRNA gene. The assignment of taxonomic levels and quantitative assessment of the microbiome composition were performed using the Kraken 2 program (PlusPF database dated 06/05/2024). The study is registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05335213).

Results

Results. A unique composition of the ascitic fluid microbiota represented by 29 types, 35 classes, 67 orders, 129 families, 231 genera, and 266 bacterial species has been determined in patients with liver cirrhosis with ascites in the absence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The Pseudomonadota is the dominant type (95,4% [94,8; 95,9]), the Gammaproteobacteria is the dominant class (47,7% [45,9; 48,4]), the Stenotrophomonas is the dominant genera (47,6% [46,2; 48,0]) in the microbiota of ascitic fluid.

For the first time it has been shown that the similarity of the microbiota of ascitic fluid and urobiota is 68,3%, microbiota of ascitic fluid and gut – 69,0% at the type level.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The study examined the microbiota of ascitic fluid in patients with liver cirrhosis using metagenomic sequencing. Despite the negative results of cultural research methods, it has been shown that ascitic fluid is not a sterile medium and contains a large number of microorganisms, which in most cases have commonalities with the microbiota of the gut and urinary tract.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.