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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы здоровья и экологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health and Ecology Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Gomel State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-4-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdor-2652</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА И БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механические и структурные свойства лимфоцитов крысы и человека после воздействия рентгеновского излучения на цельную кровь in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanical and structural properties of rat and human lymphocytes after the exposure of the whole blood to X-rays in vitro</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6812-753X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челнокова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chelnokova</surname><given-names>I. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челнокова Ирина Александровна, научный сотрудник лаборатории устойчивости биологических систем</p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Chelnokova, Researcher, Laboratory of Biological Systems Stability</p><p>Gomel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6365-3856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шклярова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkliarava</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шклярова Анастасия Николаевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории устойчивости биологических систем</p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nastassia M. Shkliarava, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Biological Systems Stability</p><p>Gomel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-0858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоренков</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yegorenkov</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егоренков Николай Иванович, д.х.н., профессор кафедры биологической химии</p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai I. Yegorenkov, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Pro- fessor of the Department of Biological Chemistry</p><p>Gomel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8516-0884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубцева</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubtseva</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стародубцева Мария Николаевна, д.б.н., профессор кафедры медицинской и биологической физики; главный научный сотрудник лаборатории устойчивости биологических систем</p><p>Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria N. Starodubtseva, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Medical and Biological Physics; Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Biological Systems Stability</p><p>Gomel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт радиобиологии Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский государственный медицинский университет; Институт радиобиологии Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University; Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>94–101</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Челнокова И.А., Шклярова А.Н., Егоренков Н.И., Стародубцева М.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Челнокова И.А., Шклярова А.Н., Егоренков Н.И., Стародубцева М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chelnokova I.А., Shkliarava N.M., Yegorenkov N.I., Starodubtseva M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2652">https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2652</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Выявить с помощью атомной микроскопии изменения параметров структурных и механических свойств лимфоцитов периферической крови, вызванные облучением цельной крови рентгеновским излучением, и определить возможность оценки состояния и радиационно-индуцированные программы гибели лимфоцитов с использованием анализа набора таких параметров.Материалы и методы. Цельную кровь крыс и человека облучали рентгеновским излучением (1–100 Гр) in vitro. Лимфоциты выделяли из крови после суток хранения, помещали на стеклянные пластины, фиксировали глутаровым альдегидом и высушивали. Изучение структурных и механических свойств проводили с помощью атомно-силового микроскопа (ACM) Bruker Bioscope Resolve в режиме PeakForce QNM на воздухе. Для наборов АСМ-параметров, в которые были включены модуль упругости, сила адгезии, шероховатость клеточной поверхности и размеры клеток, для разных экспериментальных выборок была проведена кластеризация данных методом k-средних.Результаты. Облучение крови рентгеновским излучением вызвало изменение параметров структурных и механических свойств лимфоцитов, измеренных с помощью АСМ на наномасштабе. Кластеризация наборов АСМ-параметров выявила кластеры с подобной структурой в каждой экспериментальной группе (человек; крысы 6 и 16 месяцев). Изученные четыре кластера ассоциированы с разными состояниями клеток и программами их гибели: неактивные клетки, активированные клетки с повышенной жесткостью, апоптотические клетки со сниженной жесткостью и клетки, гибнущие по другим, отличным от апоптоза программам гибели с повышенной жесткостью. Каждый кластер (тип клеток) с определенным набором АСМ-параметров был разным образом представлен в популяции лимфоцитов крови в зависимости от дозы рентгеновского излучения.Заключение. Комплекс АСМ-параметров лимфоцитов, включающий модуль упругости, силу адгезии, шероховатость и размеры клеток, может быть полезным при автоматическом определении состояния лимфоцитов и программы их гибели при локальном облучении организма с вовлечением периферической крови, например при радиотерапии. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. By the means of atomic force microscopy to determine the changes in the parameters of the structural and mechanical properties of peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by the irradiation of whole blood by X-rays and identifying the possibility of assessing a state and radiation-induced lymphocyte death programs by analyzing a set of such parameters.Materials and methods. Whole blood of rats and humans was irradiated with X-rays (1–100 Gy) in vitro. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood after a day of storage, placed on glass slides, fixed with glutaraldehyde and dried. The study of structural and mechanical properties was carried out with the help of atomic force microscope Bruker Bioscope Resolve in Peak Force QNM mode in air. For the sets of AFM parameters, which included elastic modulus, adhesion force, cell surface roughness and cell sizes, a k-mean clustering of data was carried out for the studied experimental groups.Results. The X-ray irradiation of the blood caused changes in the structural and mechanical properties of lymphocytes measured by AFM at the nanoscale. Clustering analysis of the sets of AFM parameters revealed clusters with similar structure in each experimental group (humans, 6and 16-month rats). The studied four clusters were associated with cell states and cell death programs: non-activated cells, activated cells with increased stiffness, apoptotic cells with reduced stiffness, and cells dying via programs other than apoptotic ones with increased stiffness. Each cluster (cell type) with a specific set of AFM parameters was represented differently in the blood lymphocyte population, depending on the dose of X-rays.Conclusion. The set of ACM parameters of lymphocytes including elastic modulus, adhesion force, roughness, and cell sizes, can be helpful for automatically determining the state and death program of lymphocytes after the local irradiation of humans with the involvement of peripheral blood (for example, after radio-therapeutic causes).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рентгеновское излучение</kwd><kwd>крыса</kwd><kwd>человек</kwd><kwd>кровь</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd><kwd>атомно-силовая микроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>X-rays</kwd><kwd>rat</kwd><kwd>human</kwd><kwd>blood</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd><kwd>atomic force microscopy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках ГПНИ «Природные ресурсы и окружающая среда», подпрограмма «Радиация и биологические системы», задание 3.01.2 «Разработать критерии оценки радиационно-индуцированных изменений ткани внутренней среды, основанной на анализе структуры и механических свойств клеточного компонента на моделях in vitro и in vivo».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the State Research Institute “Natural Resources and the Environment”, the subprogram “Radiation and biological systems” task 3.01.2 “To develop criteria for assessing the radiation-induced changes in tissues of the internal environment based on an analysis of the structural and mechanical properties of the cellular component using in vitro and in vivo models”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Verde G, Artiola V, Panzetta V, Pugliese M, Netti PA, Fusco S. 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