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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы здоровья и экологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health and Ecology Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Gomel State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-1-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdor-2501</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕ, ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE, HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Страховая медицина Беларуси в первой трети ХХ в.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Insurance medicine in Belarus in the first third of the twentieth century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4685-7440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каплиева</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaplieva</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каплиева Марина Петровна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней № 1 с курсами эндокринологии и гематологии</p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina P. Kaplieva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Internal Diseases No. 1 with Courses of Endocrinology and Hemotology</p><p>Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kapliyeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-6160</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каплиев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapliyev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каплиев Алексей Александрович, кандидат исторических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник отдела новейшей истории Беларуси</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Kapliyev, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher at the Department of Modern History of Belarus</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kapliyev@history.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт истории Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каплиева М.П., Каплиев А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каплиева М.П., Каплиев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaplieva M.P., Kapliyev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2501">https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2501</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Охарактеризовать процесс развития страховой медицины в Беларуси в первой трети ХХ в.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Архивные, периодические и повествовательные источники, обработанные при помощи общенаучных и специальных исторических методов исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Страховая медицина в Беларуси зародилась в начале ХХ в. в виде больничных касс, которые обеспечивали оказание медицинской помощи рабочим в случае болезни, однако была фактически разрушена в годы Первой мировой войны. В БССР внедрение страховой медицины было осуществлено в период массового сокращения финансирования здравоохранения, связанного с введением новой экономической политики (нэпа). Фактически страховая медицина стала лишь финансовым донором Народного комиссариата здравоохранения, однако не выделилась в самостоятельную отрасль, что было характерно для дореволюционного периода, поэтому принцип единства советской медицины был сохранен. Характерной чертой изученного периода стал малый социальный охват медицинским страхованием, которое распространялось только на рабочих и служащих, составлявших небольшую часть населения БССР, где значительно преобладали сельские жители.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Несмотря на успешный опыт организации страховой медицины, она являлась лишь временной мерой для поддержания ресурсов единой советской государственной медицины и в реальности охватывала крайне незначительный процент населения, ввиду чего после преодоления кризисных явлений в здравоохранении была свернута.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To characterize the process of development of insurance medicine in Belarus in the first third of the twentieth century.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Archival, periodical and narrative sources processed using general scientific and special historical research methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Insurance medicine in Belarus originated in the early twentieth century in the form of hospital sick funds, which provided medical care to workers in case of illness, but was actually destroyed during the First World War. In Soviet Belarus the development of insurance medicine began during a period of massive reduction in healthcare funding associated with the New Economic Policy. In fact, insurance medicine became only a financial donor to the People’s Commissariat for Healthcare, but it was not distinguished as an independent branch, which was typical for the pre-revolutionary period, so the principle of unity of Soviet medicine was preserved. A characteristic feature of the studied period was the small social coverage of medical insurance, which applied only to workers and employees, who constituted a small part of the population of Soviet Belarus, where the rural population was greatly dominated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Despite the successful experience of organizing insurance medicine, it was only a temporary measure to maintain the resources of unified Soviet state medicine and in reality covered an extremely small percentage of the population, so after the crisis in health care was overcome it was abolished.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>больничная касса</kwd><kwd>застрахованный</kwd><kwd>страховая медицина</kwd><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sick-fund</kwd><kwd>insured</kwd><kwd>insurance medicine</kwd><kwd>healthcare</kwd><kwd>medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прокопович СН. К рабочему вопросу в России. Санкт-Петербург: издание Е. Д. Кусковой; 1905.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prokopovich SN. To the working question in Russia. Saint-Petersburg: edition by E. 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