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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы здоровья и экологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health and Ecology Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Gomel State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51523/2708-6011.2022-19-4-05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdor-2404</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трахеостомия как компонент интенсивной терапии заболеваний центральной нервной системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tracheostomy as a component of intensive care for central nervous system diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-4061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карамышев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karamyshau</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карамышев Андрей Михайлович, к.м.н, доцент кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei M. Karamyshau, Candidate of Medical Sciences,Associate Professor at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care </p><p>Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karpion@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-4467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonau</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонов Андрей Владимирович, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Leonau, Doctor of the Department ofAnesthesiology and Intensive Care </p><p>Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stalker5530X@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7565-4864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcharbakova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербакова Полина Александровна, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Palina A. Shcharbakova, Doctor of the Department ofAnesthesiology and Intensive Care </p><p>Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Polinka-shcherbakova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-5865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибач</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hrybach</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грибач Алексей Леонидович, заведующий  операционным блоком</p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliaksei L. Hrybach, Head of the Operating Theater </p><p>Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gribach77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский областной клинический онкологический диспансер</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельская городская клиническая больница № 3</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel Clinical City&#13;
Hospital №3 </institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельская областная детская клиническая больница</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel Regional Children Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карамышев А.М., Леонов А.В., Щербакова П.А., Грибач А.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карамышев А.М., Леонов А.В., Щербакова П.А., Грибач А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karamyshau A.M., Leonau A.V., Shcharbakova P.A., Hrybach A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2404">https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2404</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выявить эффективные и безопасные сроки проведения трахеостомии у пациентов с заболеваниями центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) путем сравнительной оценки длительности респираторной поддержки и интенсивной терапии, частоты развития вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонии, уровня сознания по шкале ком Глазго (ШКГ), выживаемости, а также частоты развития осложнений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование среди пациентов неврологического и нейрохирургического профиля, находившихся на лечении с 2010 по 2017 г., которым была выполнена трахеостомия. Пациенты (n = 131) были разделены на 3 группы в зависимости от сроков наложения трахеостомы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлена зависимость между ранней трахеостомией и длительностью респираторной поддержки, продолжительностью койко-дней, вероятностью развития вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонии у пациентов нейрореанимационного профиля; не выявлена зависимость между сроками проведения трахеостомии и уровнем неврологического исхода, выживаемостью у данной категории пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение ранней трахеостомии при интенсивной терапии пациентов с заболеваниями ЦНС является эффективным, что доказывается меньшей в 2,2 раза длительностью искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ) и в 1,9 раза продолжительностью интенсивной терапии, в 1,6 раза снижением риска развития вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонии, при этом не оказывая влияния на исходы, и безопасным, в виду отсутствия осложнений как во время, так и после оперативного вмешательства.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To reveal the effective and safe timing of tracheostomy in patients with CNS diseases by comparative assessment of the duration of respiratory support and ICU, the frequency of development ventilator-associated pneumonia, the assessment of the level of consciousness according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), survival rate, as well as the incidence of complications rate.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted among neurological and neurosurgical patients treated from 2010 to 2017 who underwent tracheostomy. Patients (n=131) were divided into 3 groups depending on the tracheostomy time.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The relation between early tracheostomy and the duration of respiratory support, the ICU bed-day, the probability of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with the central nervous system pathology was revealed; no relationship was found between the tracheostomy time and the neurological outcome and survival rate in this category patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The use of early tracheostomy in intensive care of patients with the central nervous system pathology is effective, which is proved by a 2,2 times reduction of the duration of mechanical ventilation, by a 1.9 times reduction of the duration of the ICU day, by a 1.6 times lower risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia, without affecting outcomes and being safe due to the absence a lot of complications both during and after the surgical intervention.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обеспечение проходимости верхних дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>пункционно-дилятационная трахеостомия</kwd><kwd>интенсивная терапия</kwd><kwd>респираторная поддержка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>airway open technique</kwd><kwd>puncture-dilation tracheostomy</kwd><kwd>ICU</kwd><kwd>respiratory support</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пирадов МА, Мороз ВВ. 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