zdorПроблемы здоровья и экологииHealth and Ecology Issues2220-09672708-6011Gomel State Medical University10.51523/2708-6011.2022-19-4-01zdor-2400Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESВиром в контексте здоровья и патологии дыхательной системы человекаVirome in the context of health and pathology of the human respiratory systemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7329СтомаИ. О.StomaI. O.

Стома Игорь Олегович, д.м.н., доцент, ректор

г. Гомель

Igor O. Stoma, Doctor of Medical Sciences, AssociateProfessor, Rector 

Gomel

rektor@gsmu.byГомельский государственный медицинский университетGomel State Medical University202203012023194713Copyright © Стома И.О., 20232023Стома И.О.Stoma I.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/2400

Организм человека, наряду с обширными микробными сообществами, именуемыми микробиомом, содержит различные вирусы, называющиеся в совокупности «виромом», притом численность таких микроорганизмов характеризуется большой сложностью и неоднородностью, а также превышает количество бактерий микробиома в 10 раз. Виром человека постоянно обновляется за счет быстрого эволюционирования и поступления вирусов из окружающей среды, а вирусное сообщество человеческого организма является индикатором состояния здоровья человека. Одним из компонентов вирома являются бактериофаги, разнообразие которых определяется в первую очередь видами, составляющими бактериальный компонент микробиома. Наряду с другими анатомическими структурами организма, дыхательные пути здоровых людей представлены огромным сообществом вирусов, также как и бактериальными сообществами, а анализ полного вирусного разнообразия дыхательных путей жизненно важен для понимания особенностей вирома человека. На сегодняшний день для анализа вирома и использования полученных результатов в клинической практике наиболее удобны подходы, основанные на секвенировании нового поколения, стоимость которого значительно снизилась в последнее время.

The human body, along with extensive microbial communities called the microbiome, contains various viruses, collectively referred to as the «virome», and the number of such microorganisms is characterized by great complexity and heterogeneity and exceeds the number of bacteria in the microbiome by a factor of 10. Human virome is constantly renewed due to rapid evolution and entry of viruses from the environment, and the viral community of the human body is an indicator of human health. One of the components of virome is bacteriophages, the diversity of which is determined primarily by the species comprising the bacterial component of the microbiome. Along with other anatomical structures of the body, the respiratory tract of healthy humans is represented by a huge community of viruses just as much as by bacterial communities, and analysis of the full viral diversity of the airways is vital for understanding the features of the human virome. To date, next-generation sequencing approaches, the cost of which has decreased significantly recently, are the most convenient methods for virome analysis and the use of the results in clinical practice.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.