<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы здоровья и экологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health and Ecology Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Gomel State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51523/2708-6011.2014-11-1-4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdor-1454</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СПОНТАННЫЙ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРИТОНИТ: ЭТИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ, ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАЛЛЕЛИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS: ETIOLOGIC, PATHOGENETIC AND DIAGNOSTIC PARARRELS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гавриленко</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilenko</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гавриленко Д.И., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гавриленко Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gavrilenko D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/1454">https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/1454</self-uri><abstract><p>Лекция содержит исторические сведения о развитии проблемы спонтанного бактериального перитонита у пациентов с циррозом печени с асцитом. Представлены механизмы, варианты инфицирования и изменений лабораторных показателей асцитической жидкости. Приводятся диагностические критерии видов спонтанного бактериального перитонита, рекомендации по исследованию асцитической жидкости, основанные на результатах обзора и анализа недавно изданной мировой литературы.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>спонтанный бактериальный перитонит</kwd><kwd>подсчет нейтрофилов</kwd><kwd>автоматический гематологический анализатор</kwd><kwd>POCT-анализы</kwd><kwd>cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>spontaneous bacterial peritonitis</kwd><kwd>counting of neutrophils</kwd><kwd>hematologic autoanalyzer</kwd><kwd>POCT-tests</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / J. C. Hoefs [et al.] // Hepatology. - 1982. - Vol. 2. - P. 399-407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / J. C. Hoefs [et al.] // Hepatology. - 1982. - Vol. 2. - P. 399-407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caroli, J. Septicemie porto-cave. Cirrhoses du foie et septicemie a colibacille / J. J. Caroli, R. Platteborse / Sem Hop Paris. - 1956. - Vol. 34. - P. 112-127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caroli, J. Septicemie porto-cave. Cirrhoses du foie et septicemie a colibacille / J. J. Caroli, R. Platteborse / Sem Hop Paris. - 1956. - Vol. 34. - P. 112-127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kerr, D. N. S. Infection of ascitic ﬂuid in patients with hepatic cirrhosis / D. N. S Kerr, D. T. Pearson, A. E. Read / Gut. - 1963. - Vol. 4. - P. 394-398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kerr, D. N. S. Infection of ascitic ﬂuid in patients with hepatic cirrhosis / D. N. S Kerr, D. T. Pearson, A. E. Read / Gut. - 1963. - Vol. 4. - P. 394-398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conn, H. O. Spontaneous peritonitis and bacteremia in Laennec’s cirrhosis caused by enteric organisms / H. O. Conn / Ann Intern Med. - 1964. - Vol. 60. - P. 568-580.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conn, H. O. Spontaneous peritonitis and bacteremia in Laennec’s cirrhosis caused by enteric organisms / H. O. Conn / Ann Intern Med. - 1964. - Vol. 60. - P. 568-580.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / P. Sort [et al.] / N Engl J Med. - 1999. - Vol. 341. - P. 403-409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / P. Sort [et al.] / N Engl J Med. - 1999. - Vol. 341. - P. 403-409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berg, R. D. Translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs in a gnotobiotic mouse model / R. D. Berg, A. W. Garlington / Infect Immun. - 1979. - Vol. 23. - P. 403-411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berg, R. D. Translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs in a gnotobiotic mouse model / R. D. Berg, A. W. Garlington / Infect Immun. - 1979. - Vol. 23. - P. 403-411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Association of proton pomp inhibitor therapy with spontaneous baterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites / J. S. Bajaj [et al.] // Am J Gastroenterol. - 2009. - Vol. 104. - P. 1130-1134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Association of proton pomp inhibitor therapy with spontaneous baterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites / J. S. Bajaj [et al.] // Am J Gastroenterol. - 2009. - Vol. 104. - P. 1130-1134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aditi, A. Role of proton pump inhibitors in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis amongst cirrhotics: a retrospective cohort study / A. Aditi, J. S. Crippin, A. Abhishek // Gastroenterology. - 2012. - Vol. 142. - P. 946.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aditi, A. Role of proton pump inhibitors in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis amongst cirrhotics: a retrospective cohort study / A. Aditi, J. S. Crippin, A. Abhishek // Gastroenterology. - 2012. - Vol. 142. - P. 946.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markers of bacterial translocation in patients with chronic liver disease / G. Kaltsa [et al.] // Gastroenterology. - 2012. - Vol. 142 - P. 42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markers of bacterial translocation in patients with chronic liver disease / G. Kaltsa [et al.] // Gastroenterology. - 2012. - Vol. 142 - P. 42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Identification of bacterial DNA in neutrocytic and non-neutrocytic cirrhotic ascites by means of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction / T. Bruns [et al.] // Liver Int. - 2009. - Vol. 29. - P. 1206-1214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Identification of bacterial DNA in neutrocytic and non-neutrocytic cirrhotic ascites by means of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction / T. Bruns [et al.] // Liver Int. - 2009. - Vol. 29. - P. 1206-1214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serum and ascitic ﬂuid bacterial DNA: a new independent prognostic factor in noninfected patients with cirrhosis / P. Zapater [et al] / Hepatology. - 2008. - Vol. 48. - P. 1924-1931.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serum and ascitic ﬂuid bacterial DNA: a new independent prognostic factor in noninfected patients with cirrhosis / P. Zapater [et al] / Hepatology. - 2008. - Vol. 48. - P. 1924-1931.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aoyama, T. Toll-like receptor signaling and liver fibrosis [Электронный документ] / T. Aoyama, Y.-H. Paik, E. Sek // Gastroenterol Res Pract. - 2010. doi: 10.1155/2010/192543.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aoyama, T. Toll-like receptor signaling and liver fibrosis [Электронный документ] / T. Aoyama, Y.-H. Paik, E. Sek // Gastroenterol Res Pract. - 2010. doi: 10.1155/2010/192543.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mencin, A. Toll-like receptors as targets in chronic liver diseases / A. Mencin, J. Kluwe, R. F. Schwabe // Gut. - 2009. - Vol. 58. - P. 704-720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mencin, A. Toll-like receptors as targets in chronic liver diseases / A. Mencin, J. Kluwe, R. F. Schwabe // Gut. - 2009. - Vol. 58. - P. 704-720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The role of lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in chronic liver diseases / J.-B. Soares [et al.] // Hepatol Int. - 2010. - Vol. 4. - P. 659-672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The role of lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in chronic liver diseases / J.-B. Soares [et al.] // Hepatol Int. - 2010. - Vol. 4. - P. 659-672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Runyon, B. A. Practice Guidelines Committee. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update / B.A. Runyon // Hepatology. - 2009. - Vol. 49. - P. 2087-2107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Runyon, B. A. Practice Guidelines Committee. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update / B.A. Runyon // Hepatology. - 2009. - Vol. 49. - P. 2087-2107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sepsis in cirrhosis: Report on the 7th meeting of the international ascites club / F. Wong [et al.] // Gut. - 2005. - Vol. 54. - P. 718-725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sepsis in cirrhosis: Report on the 7th meeting of the international ascites club / F. Wong [et al.] // Gut. - 2005. - Vol. 54. - P. 718-725.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nobre, S. R. Gomes, In-hospital mortality in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a new predictive model / S. R. Nobre, J. E. P. Cabral // European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - 2008. - Vol. 20(12). - P. 1176-1181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nobre, S. R. Gomes, In-hospital mortality in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a new predictive model / S. R. Nobre, J. E. P. Cabral // European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - 2008. - Vol. 20(12). - P. 1176-1181.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kraja, B. Predictive value of the model of end-Stage liver disease in cirrhotic patients with and without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / B. Kraja, M. Sina, Ir. Mone / Gastroenterology Research and Practice. - 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/539059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kraja, B. Predictive value of the model of end-Stage liver disease in cirrhotic patients with and without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / B. Kraja, M. Sina, Ir. Mone / Gastroenterology Research and Practice. - 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/539059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis // Journal of Hepatology. - 2010. - Vol. 53. - P. 397-417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis // Journal of Hepatology. - 2010. - Vol. 53. - P. 397-417.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paracentesis / T. W. Thomsen [et al.] // N Engl J. Med. - 2009. - Vol. 355(19). - P. 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paracentesis / T. W. Thomsen [et al.] // N Engl J. Med. - 2009. - Vol. 355(19). - P. 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ascitic fluid lactoferrin for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / M. A. Parsi [et al.] // Gastroenterology. - 2008. - Vol. 135. - P. 803-807.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ascitic fluid lactoferrin for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / M. A. Parsi [et al.] // Gastroenterology. - 2008. - Vol. 135. - P. 803-807.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Severe sepsis in cirrhosis / T. Gustot [et al.] // Hepatology. - 2009. - Vol. 50. - P. 2022-2033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Severe sepsis in cirrhosis / T. Gustot [et al.] // Hepatology. - 2009. - Vol. 50. - P. 2022-2033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koulaouzidis, A. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / A. Koulaouzidis, S. Bhat, A. A. Saeed // World J Gastroenterol. - 2009. - Vol. 15. - P. 1042-1049.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koulaouzidis, A. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / A. Koulaouzidis, S. Bhat, A. A. Saeed // World J Gastroenterol. - 2009. - Vol. 15. - P. 1042-1049.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Runyon, B. A. Culture-negative neutrocytic ascites: a variant of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / B. A. Runyon, J. C. Hoefs // Hepatology. - 1984. - Vol. 4. - P. 1209-1211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Runyon, B. A. Culture-negative neutrocytic ascites: a variant of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / B. A. Runyon, J. C. Hoefs // Hepatology. - 1984. - Vol. 4. - P. 1209-1211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / J. G. McHutchison [et al.] // Gastrointestinal and hepatic infections. -Philadelphia, 1994. - P. 455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / J. G. McHutchison [et al.] // Gastrointestinal and hepatic infections. -Philadelphia, 1994. - P. 455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheer, T. A. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / T. A. Sheer, B. A. Runyon // Dig. Dis. - 2005. - Vol. 23. - P. 39-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheer, T. A. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / T. A. Sheer, B. A. Runyon // Dig. Dis. - 2005. - Vol. 23. - P. 39-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. / A. Rimola [et al.] // J Hepatol. - 2000. - Vol. 32. - P. 142-153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. / A. Rimola [et al.] // J Hepatol. - 2000. - Vol. 32. - P. 142-153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacterial infections in decompensated cirrhosis / M. Pleguezuelo [et al.] / World J Hepatol. - 2013. - Vol. 5. - P. 16-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacterial infections in decompensated cirrhosis / M. Pleguezuelo [et al.] / World J Hepatol. - 2013. - Vol. 5. - P. 16-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asymptomatic bacterascites: a variant of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? / G. Pelletier [et al.] // Hepatology. - 1991. - Vol. 14. - P. 112-115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asymptomatic bacterascites: a variant of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? / G. Pelletier [et al.] // Hepatology. - 1991. - Vol. 14. - P. 112-115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites / L. T. Evans [et al.] / Hepatology. - 2003. - Vol. 37. - P. 897-901.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites / L. T. Evans [et al.] / Hepatology. - 2003. - Vol. 37. - P. 897-901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohan, P. Prevalence and risk factors for unsuspected spontaneous ascitic fluid infection in cirrhotics undergoing therapeutic paracentesis in an outpatient clinic / P. Mohan, J. Venkataraman // Indian J. Gastroenterol. - 2011. - Vol. 30. - P. 221-224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohan, P. Prevalence and risk factors for unsuspected spontaneous ascitic fluid infection in cirrhotics undergoing therapeutic paracentesis in an outpatient clinic / P. Mohan, J. Venkataraman // Indian J. Gastroenterol. - 2011. - Vol. 30. - P. 221-224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moosa, A. A. Rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis with reagent strips / A. A. Moosa, H. A. Quortum, M. D. Ibrahim // Lancet. - 1995. - Vol. 345. - P. 1290-1291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moosa, A. A. Rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis with reagent strips / A. A. Moosa, H. A. Quortum, M. D. Ibrahim // Lancet. - 1995. - Vol. 345. - P. 1290-1291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rapid diagnosis of infectious pleural effusions by use of reagent strips / E. Azoulay [et al.] // Clin Infect Dis. - 2000. - Vol. 31. - P. 914-919.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rapid diagnosis of infectious pleural effusions by use of reagent strips / E. Azoulay [et al.] // Clin Infect Dis. - 2000. - Vol. 31. - P. 914-919.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koulaouzidis, A. Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: An update on leucocyte esterase reagent strips / A. Koulaouzidis // World J. Gastroenterol. - 2011. - Vol. 17. - P. 1091-1094.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koulaouzidis, A. Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: An update on leucocyte esterase reagent strips / A. Koulaouzidis // World J. Gastroenterol. - 2011. - Vol. 17. - P. 1091-1094.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diagnostic validity of leukocyte esterase dipstick test for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients / N. R. Khatwani [et al.] // J. Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. - 2011. - Vol. 23. - P. 51-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diagnostic validity of leukocyte esterase dipstick test for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients / N. R. Khatwani [et al.] // J. Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. - 2011. - Vol. 23. - P. 51-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Accuracy of the automated cell counters for management of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / O. Riggio [et al.] / World J. Gastroenterol. - 2008. - Vol. 14. - P. 5689-5694.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Accuracy of the automated cell counters for management of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / O. Riggio [et al.] / World J. Gastroenterol. - 2008. - Vol. 14. - P. 5689-5694.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
