zdorПроблемы здоровья и экологииHealth and Ecology Issues2220-09672708-6011Gomel State Medical University10.51523/2708-6011.2012-9-1-24zdor-1236Research ArticleЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА И БИОЛОГИЯEXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGYИММУНОТОКСИЧЕСКИЕ И ИММУНОРЕГУЛЯТОРНЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ СВИНЦА НА ОРГАНИЗМ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХIMMUNOTOXIC AND IMMUNOREGULATORY EFFECTS OF LEAD IMPACT ON MAMMALSШейбакВ. М.SheibakV. M.noemail@neicon.ruПавлюковецА. Ю.PavliukovetsA. Y.noemail@neicon.ruГродненский государственный медицинский университетGrodno State Medical University20122803201201120125Copyright © Шейбак В.М., Павлюковец А.Ю., 20122012Шейбак В.М., Павлюковец А.Ю.Sheibak V.M., Pavliukovets A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.gsmu.by/jour/article/view/1236

В настоящее время изучение причинно-следственных связей между развитием патобиохимических сдвигов в организме и состоянием окружающей среды является одной из актуальнейших проблем биологии и медицины. Одним из самых распространенных тяжелых металлов в окружающей среде является свинец. Одной из основных мишеней для токсических эффектов свинца является иммунная система. Его катионы модулируют функциональную активность иммунокомпетентных клеток. В зависимости от концентрации и биологической доступности свинца, а также сопутствующих факторов может возникать иммуностимулирующий или иммуносупрессивный эффект. Проведенные к настоящему времени экспериментальные исследования позволили в качестве одного из механизмов негативного влияния свинца выделить его воздействие на морфофункциональные компоненты иммунной системы.

At present the study of cause-and-effect relations between the development of pathobiochemical shifts in organism and environment is one of the most topical problems of biology and medicine. Lead is one of the most common heavy metals in environment. The immune system is one of the main targets for the toxic effects of lead. Its cations modulate the functional activity of immune competent cells. Depending on the concentration and biological availability of lead, as well as on its co-factors immunostimulating or immunosupressive effects can appear. The experimental studies that have been conducted up to now make it possible to single out the impact of lead on the morphofunctional components of the immune system as one of the mechanisms of its negative effects.

свинециммунная системалимфоцитыleadimmune systemlymphocytesReferencesBiological monitoring of metals / C. Elinder [et al.] // Geneva, WHO. - 1994. - P. 78.Biological monitoring of metals / C. Elinder [et al.] // Geneva, WHO. - 1994. - P. 78.Nowack, R. Lead intoxication - new insights into an old problem / R. Nowack, E. Ritz // Pediatr Nephrol. - 1992. - Vol. 6. - P. 287-291.Nowack, R. Lead intoxication - new insights into an old problem / R. Nowack, E. Ritz // Pediatr Nephrol. - 1992. - Vol. 6. - P. 287-291.Lead toxicity: a probable cause of abdominal pain in drug abusers / A. Froutan [et.al.] // Medical Journal of Islamic Republic of Iran. - 2011. - Vol. 25. - P. 16-20.Lead toxicity: a probable cause of abdominal pain in drug abusers / A. Froutan [et.al.] // Medical Journal of Islamic Republic of Iran. - 2011. - Vol. 25. - P. 16-20.Оцінка ризику для здоров‘я населення в зв‘язку з викидами канцерогенних речовин автотранспортом / В. В. Самотуга [и др.] // Актуальные проблемы транспортной медицины. - 2006. - № 3. - С. 118-122.Оцінка ризику для здоров‘я населення в зв‘язку з викидами канцерогенних речовин автотранспортом / В. В. Самотуга [и др.] // Актуальные проблемы транспортной медицины. - 2006. - № 3. - С. 118-122.Revich, B. A. Lead in hair and urine of children and adults from industrial areas. / B. A. Revich // Archives of Environmental Health. - 2008. - Vol. 59. - P. 49-51.Revich, B. A. Lead in hair and urine of children and adults from industrial areas. / B. A. Revich // Archives of Environmental Health. - 2008. - Vol. 59. - P. 49-51.Trace elements in human milk: correlation with blood levels, inter-element correlations and changes in concentration during the first month of lactation // A. A. Almeida [et al.] // J. of Trace Elem. in Med. and Biol. - 2008. - Vol. 22. - P. 196-205.Trace elements in human milk: correlation with blood levels, inter-element correlations and changes in concentration during the first month of lactation // A. A. Almeida [et al.] // J. of Trace Elem. in Med. and Biol. - 2008. - Vol. 22. - P. 196-205.Heavy metal contamination in soil, water and their presence in livestock and products: a review / V. Rajaganapathy [et al.] // J. Environ. Sci. Technol. - 2011. - Vol. 4. - P. 234-249.Heavy metal contamination in soil, water and their presence in livestock and products: a review / V. Rajaganapathy [et al.] // J. Environ. Sci. Technol. - 2011. - Vol. 4. - P. 234-249.Effect of lead acetate toxicity on experimental male albino rat / M. I. Nabil [et al.] // Asian Pacific J. of Tropical Biomed. - 2011. - Vol. 2. - P. 41-46.Effect of lead acetate toxicity on experimental male albino rat / M. I. Nabil [et al.] // Asian Pacific J. of Tropical Biomed. - 2011. - Vol. 2. - P. 41-46.Valverde, M. Genotoxicity induced in CD-1 mice by inhaled lead differential organ response / M. Valverde, T. I. Fortoul, F. Diath-Barriga // Mutagenesis. - 2002. - Vol. 17. - P. 55-61.Valverde, M. Genotoxicity induced in CD-1 mice by inhaled lead differential organ response / M. Valverde, T. I. Fortoul, F. Diath-Barriga // Mutagenesis. - 2002. - Vol. 17. - P. 55-61.Olewińska, E. Level of DNA damage in lead-exposed workers / E. Olewińska, A. Kasperczyk, L. Kapka // Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. - 2010. - Vol. 17. - P. 231-236.Olewińska, E. Level of DNA damage in lead-exposed workers / E. Olewińska, A. Kasperczyk, L. Kapka // Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. - 2010. - Vol. 17. - P. 231-236.Bcl-xL overexspression blocks bax-mediated mitochondrial contact site formation and apoptosis in rod photoreceptors of lead-exposed mice / L. Не [et al.] // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. - 2003. - Vol. 100. - P. 1022-1027.Bcl-xL overexspression blocks bax-mediated mitochondrial contact site formation and apoptosis in rod photoreceptors of lead-exposed mice / L. Не [et al.] // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. - 2003. - Vol. 100. - P. 1022-1027.The effects of lead ions on activities of tRNALeu and leucyl-tRNA synthetase from mice liver / H. D. Rodovicius [et al.] // Medicina (Kaunas). - 2003. - Vol. 39. - P. 683-688.The effects of lead ions on activities of tRNALeu and leucyl-tRNA synthetase from mice liver / H. D. Rodovicius [et al.] // Medicina (Kaunas). - 2003. - Vol. 39. - P. 683-688.Effect of lead exposure on lymphocyte subsets and activation markers / K. P. Mishra [et al.] // Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. - 2010. - Vol. 32. - P. 446-449.Effect of lead exposure on lymphocyte subsets and activation markers / K. P. Mishra [et al.] // Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. - 2010. - Vol. 32. - P. 446-449.Inorganic lead activates NF-kappa B in primary human CD4+ T-lymphocytes / D. Pyatt [et al.] // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. - 1996. - Vol. 227. - P. 380-385.Inorganic lead activates NF-kappa B in primary human CD4+ T-lymphocytes / D. Pyatt [et al.] // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. - 1996. - Vol. 227. - P. 380-385.Mishra, K. P. Effect of lead exposure on serum immunoglobulins and reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediate / K. P. Mishra, S. Naik // Hum. Exp. Toxicol. - 2006. - Vol. 25. - P. 661-665.Mishra, K. P. Effect of lead exposure on serum immunoglobulins and reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediate / K. P. Mishra, S. Naik // Hum. Exp. Toxicol. - 2006. - Vol. 25. - P. 661-665.McCabe, M. J. The heavy metal lead exhibits B cell stimulatory factor activity by enhancing B cell IgA expression and differentiation / M. J. McCabe, D. A. Lawrence // J. Immunol. - 1990. - Vol. 145. - P. 671-677.McCabe, M. J. The heavy metal lead exhibits B cell stimulatory factor activity by enhancing B cell IgA expression and differentiation / M. J. McCabe, D. A. Lawrence // J. Immunol. - 1990. - Vol. 145. - P. 671-677.Hillam R. P. Comparison of local and systemic immunity after intratracheal, intraperitoneal, and intravenous immunization of mice exposed to either aerosolized or ingested lead / R. P. Hillam, A. N. Ozkan // Environmental. Research. - 1986. - Vol. 39. - P. 265-277.Hillam R. P. Comparison of local and systemic immunity after intratracheal, intraperitoneal, and intravenous immunization of mice exposed to either aerosolized or ingested lead / R. P. Hillam, A. N. Ozkan // Environmental. Research. - 1986. - Vol. 39. - P. 265-277.Serum IgE elevation correlates with blood lead levels in battery manufacturing workers / Y. Heo [et al.] // Hum. Exp. Toxicol. - 2004. - Vol. 23. - P. 209-213.Serum IgE elevation correlates with blood lead levels in battery manufacturing workers / Y. Heo [et al.] // Hum. Exp. Toxicol. - 2004. - Vol. 23. - P. 209-213.К вопросу об иммунотоксическом действии соединений тяжелых металлов / В. А. Стежка [и др.] // Сучасні проблеми токсикології. - 2004. - № 4. - С. 32-38.К вопросу об иммунотоксическом действии соединений тяжелых металлов / В. А. Стежка [и др.] // Сучасні проблеми токсикології. - 2004. - № 4. - С. 32-38.Kasten-Jolly, J. Impact of developmental lead exposure on splenic factor / J. Kasten-Jolly, Y. Heo, D. A. Lawrence // Toxicol. and App. Pharm. - 2010. - Vol. 247. - P. 105-115.Kasten-Jolly, J. Impact of developmental lead exposure on splenic factor / J. Kasten-Jolly, Y. Heo, D. A. Lawrence // Toxicol. and App. Pharm. - 2010. - Vol. 247. - P. 105-115.Effect of lead exposure on the immune response of some occupationally exposed individuals / K. P. Mishra [et al.] // Toxicol. - 2003. - Vol. 188. - P. 251-259.Effect of lead exposure on the immune response of some occupationally exposed individuals / K. P. Mishra [et al.] // Toxicol. - 2003. - Vol. 188. - P. 251-259.Modification of bovine interferon and tumor necrosis factor production by lead in vivo and in vitro / T. Kaminska [et al.] // Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. - 1998. - Vol. 46. - P. 323-328.Modification of bovine interferon and tumor necrosis factor production by lead in vivo and in vitro / T. Kaminska [et al.] // Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. - 1998. - Vol. 46. - P. 323-328.Kim, D. Immunotoxic effects of inorganic lead on host resistance of mice with different circling behavior preferences / D. Kim, D. A. Lawrence // Brain Behav. Immunol. - 2000. - Vol. 14. - P. 305-317.Kim, D. Immunotoxic effects of inorganic lead on host resistance of mice with different circling behavior preferences / D. Kim, D. A. Lawrence // Brain Behav. Immunol. - 2000. - Vol. 14. - P. 305-317.Milisevic, N. Lead stimulate intercellular signaling between hepatocytes and kupfer cells / N. Milisevic, P. Maier // Eur. J. Pharmacol. - 2000. - Vol. 14. - P. 317-328.Milisevic, N. Lead stimulate intercellular signaling between hepatocytes and kupfer cells / N. Milisevic, P. Maier // Eur. J. Pharmacol. - 2000. - Vol. 14. - P. 317-328.Orally administrated lead chloride induced bias of mucosal immunity / C. Goebel [et al.] // Cytokine - 2000. - Vol. 12. - P. 1414-1418.Orally administrated lead chloride induced bias of mucosal immunity / C. Goebel [et al.] // Cytokine - 2000. - Vol. 12. - P. 1414-1418.Immunologic finding among lead exposed workers / L. Pin-kerton [et al.] // Am. J. Ind. Med. - 1998. - Vol. 33. - P. 400-408.Immunologic finding among lead exposed workers / L. Pin-kerton [et al.] // Am. J. Ind. Med. - 1998. - Vol. 33. - P. 400-408.Zelikoff, J. T. Inhalation of particulate lead oxide disrupt pulmonary macrophage-mediated functions important for host defense and tumor surveillance in the lung / J. T. Zelikoff, E. Parsons, R. Schlesinger // Environ. Res. - 1993. - Vol. 62. - P. 207-222.Zelikoff, J. T. Inhalation of particulate lead oxide disrupt pulmonary macrophage-mediated functions important for host defense and tumor surveillance in the lung / J. T. Zelikoff, E. Parsons, R. Schlesinger // Environ. Res. - 1993. - Vol. 62. - P. 207-222.Zamora, R. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammatory diseases / R. Zamora, V. Vodovotz, T. R. Billiar // Molec. Med. - 2000. - Vol. 6, № 5. - P. 347-373.Zamora, R. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammatory diseases / R. Zamora, V. Vodovotz, T. R. Billiar // Molec. Med. - 2000. - Vol. 6, № 5. - P. 347-373.Lead inhibits nitric oxide production transiently by mRNA level in murine macrophage cell lines / M. Kanematsu [et al.] // Biol. Pharm. Bull. - 1996. - Vol. 19. - P. 949-951.Lead inhibits nitric oxide production transiently by mRNA level in murine macrophage cell lines / M. Kanematsu [et al.] // Biol. Pharm. Bull. - 1996. - Vol. 19. - P. 949-951.Garza, A. Cellular mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity / A. Garza, R. Vega, E. Soto // Med. Sci. Monit. 2006. - Vol. 12. - P. 57-65.Garza, A. Cellular mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity / A. Garza, R. Vega, E. Soto // Med. Sci. Monit. 2006. - Vol. 12. - P. 57-65.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.